Cited by 947Psychometric Methodologies and TestingAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesReliability and Agreement in Measurement

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Reliability Generalization of Scores on the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory

Barnes, Laura L. B., Harp, Diane, Jung, Woo Sik·2002·Educational and Psychological Measurement

DOI 10.1177/0013164402062004005

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Abstract

A reliability generalization study for Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was conducted. A total of 816 research articles utilizing the STAI between 1990 and 2000 were reviewed and classified as having (a) ignored reliability (73%), (b) mentioned reliability or reported reliability coefficients from another source (21%), or (c) computed reliability for the data at hand (6%). Articles in medically oriented journals were shorter and somewhat less likely to mention or compute reliability than nonmedically oriented articles, perhaps due to paradigm differences. Average reliability coefficients were acceptable for both internal consistency and test-retest, but variation was present among the estimates. State test-retest coefficients were lower than internal consistency coefficients. Score variability was predictive of internal consistency reliability for scores on both scales. Other predictors were the age of research participants, the form of the STAI, and the type of research design.

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“The STAI-T has demonstrated strong internal consistency (α = [0.86, 0.92]), adequate construct validity (Spielberger et al., 1983; Barnes et al., 2002), and test-retest reliability (r = 0.84 for men and r = 0.76 for women).”
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“The self-assessment questionnaire is efficient and concise, has proven to have good reliability and validity and has beenwidely used in different disciplines over the past decades.(69) The scale table consists of six words that measure intuitive expressions of current anxiety, including the negative words tense, upset…”
Background
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“Both state and trait scales have high levels of internal consistency (.91 and .89, respectively) and test– retest reliability (.70 and .88, respectively) (Barnes et al., 2002).”
Background
RSAS-3: Validation of a Very Brief Measure of Religious Commitment for Use in Health Research
Clements, A. D., Fletcher, T. R., Cyphers, N. A., Ermakova, A. V., & Bailey, B. A. (2013) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-013-9791-1 · Cited by 14
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Son, S., & Kwag, S.-W. (2020) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.1874 · Cited by 12
“The internal consistency alpha coefficients were quite high ranging from 0.86 to 0.95, and Cronbach's alpha of state anxiety was 0.87 (Barnes et al., 2002).”
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Reliability reporting practices in youth life satisfaction research
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Effects of the heterogeneity of the variances on reliability generalization: an example with the Beck Depression Inventory.
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Attachment and Its Relationship to Anxiety Sensitivity
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“The STAI is a self-report questionnaire that measures trait and state anxiety in adults [75, 76].”
Background
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“Prior studies estimated survey completion time to be about 20min [13,26,27]; however, our study noted a shorter time to complete all surveys,”
BackgroundResult
Personality and demographic differences in the perceived risks of potentially timid driving behaviours
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“In a reliability generalization study, Barnes and colleagues [60] reported mean reliability coefficients of 0.”
Background
Why do People Worry and Ruminate? Investigating Factors that Maintain Repetitive Negative Thought
Kingston, R. E. F. (2013) · Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) · doi:10.5127/jep.027712
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“Significant correlations were found between mean pleasant pain relief and STAI-S (r � −0.402; p � 0.038).”
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“Previous alpha reliability coefficients for the Form-Y T-Anxiety scales were .90 (Spielberger et al., 1983) and .89 (Barnes et al., 2002).”
Method
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“The psychometric soundness of the STAI has been demonstrated consistently [23].”
Background
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“Both subscales have exhibited good internal consistency and high reliability.(17) Higher scores are indications of greater state or trait anxiety levels.”
Background

Authors: Barnes, L. L. B., Harp, D., & Jung, W. S.
Affiliations: Oklahoma State University (US)
Tulsa Community College (US)
Bluffton University (US)
Venue: Educational and Psychological Measurement
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2002-08
Volume: 62
Issue: 4
Pages: 603-618
ISSN: 0013-1644 (ISSN-L)
1552-3888
DOI: 10.1177/0013164402062004005
OpenAlex: W2171256147
Cited by: 947
References: 66
Citations by year: 2026: 35 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 35
FWCI: 3.84
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Educational and Psychological Measurement (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
Keywords: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, reliability generalization, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, anxiety assessment, score variability, research reporting practices

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Reliability Generalization of Scores on the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory

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