Determining the Efficacy of a Resiliency Training Approach in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this randomized clinical study was to test the efficacy of a resiliency training approach for people with diabetes who have previously received standard diabetes self-education. METHODS: A single-blinded, randomized design was employed with repeated measures (baseline, 3 months, 6 months) with 67 participants assigned to either treatment as usual (n = 37) or the resiliency classes (n = 30). Outcome variables included physiological measures (glycosylated hemoglobin, waist measurement, eating and exercise habits) and psychosocial measures (self-efficacy, locus of control, social support, and purpose in life). RESULTS: Analyses of variance indicated that the intervention group had higher levels of resiliency as reported by knowing positive ways of coping with diabetes-related stress, knowing enough about themselves to make right diabetes choices, having fun in life, eating healthier, and increasing physical activity compared with the control group at 3 months (P < .05). Glycosylated hemoglobin and waist measurement improved but not significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to foster resilience among people with diabetes have the potential to make an important contribution to increasing positive life outcomes. Diabetes educators using the resiliency approach in tandem with standard diabetes education programs can assist their patients to become more self-directed in their diabetes care.
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Although Bradshaw et al. found no significant group difference for self reported exercise, program participants were significantly less likely than those in the control group to report barriers to physical activity, or trouble exercising because of not liking exercise or health problems.
“Although Bradshaw et al., found no significant group difference for self reported exercise, program participants were significantly less likely than those in the control group to report barriers to physical activity, or trouble exercising because of not liking exercise or health problems [8].”
Positive coping shares roots with resilience, which has been shown to impact health behaviors such as diet, physical activity, and overall type 2 diabetes self-management.
“Positive coping shares roots with resilience, which has also been shown to impact health behaviors such as diet, physical activity, and overall T2D self-management [67–69].”
From Positive Psychological Interventions for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Rationale, Theoretical Model, and Intervention Development (2015) · cites this paper as [68]
Only one resilience study found significant improvement in resilience, and this occurred only at six-month follow-up, not immediately after intervention.
“However, only one study found a significant improvement in resilience post-intervention [70], and this significant change only occurred at the six-month follow-up and not immediately post-intervention.”
From Well-being interventions for individuals with diabetes: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as [70]
Other well-being outcomes in resilience studies, including positive affect, quality of life, self-efficacy, and purpose, showed no significant changes.
“Additional well-being specific outcomes including positive affect, quality of life, self-efficacy, and purpose were measured [68, 70], but none showed significant change.”
From Well-being interventions for individuals with diabetes: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as [70]
Another resilience study found a significant decrease in physical activity barriers, but the effect was small and no longer significant at six-month follow-up.
“Another found a significant decrease in physical activity barriers, though the effect size was small and no longer significant at six-month follow-up [70].”
From Well-being interventions for individuals with diabetes: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as [70]
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Background
- Authors
- Bradshaw, B. G., Richardson, G. E., Kumpfer, K., Carlson, J., Stanchfield, J., Overall, J., Brooks, A. M., & Kulkarni, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- ORCID
- Kumpfer, Karol
- Venue
- The Diabetes Educator
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2007-07
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 650-659
- ISSN
- 0145-7217 (ISSN-L)
- 1554-6063
- OpenAlex
- W2128797037
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Keywords
- resilience training, type 2 diabetes, diabetes self-management education, diabetes self-efficacy, locus of control, social support, meaning of life, physical activity, dietary habits, HbA1c, waist measurement, diabetes educators
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attitude to Health, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Education as Topic, Self Care, Social Support, Single-Blind Method
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