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On the Outside Looking In: Loneliness and Social Monitoring
Abstract
The skill-deficit view of loneliness posits that unskilled social interactions block lonely individuals from social inclusion. The current studies examine loneliness in relation to social attention and perception processes thought to be important for socially skilled behavior. Two studies investigate the association between social monitoring (attention to social information and cues) and self-reported loneliness and number of close social ties. In Study 1, higher levels of loneliness are related to increased rather than decreased incidental social memory. In Study 2, individuals with fewer reported friends show heightened decoding of social cues in faces and voices. Results of these studies suggest that the attentional and perceptual building blocks of socially skilled behavior remain intact, and perhaps enhanced, in lonely individuals. Implications for recent models of belonging regulation and theories of loneliness are discussed.
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“Loneliness does not seem to hinder vicarious learning. In fact, previous findings show that the attention and perception of social information and cues remain unaffected or enhanced in lonely individuals (Gardner et al., 2005).”
From Therapeutic Factors and Member Satisfaction in an Online Group Intervention During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as Gardner et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“more lonely individuals show increased attention toward social cues (Gardner et al., 2005, Pickett et al., 2004).”
From Dorsal raphe dopamine neurons represent the experience of social isolation (2016) · cites this paper as Gardner et al., 2005
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gardner, W. L., Pickett, C. L., Jefferis, V., & Knowles, M.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2005-11
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1549-1560
- ISSN
- 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7433
- OpenAlex
- W2142318362
- Cited by
- 358
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 4.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Keywords
- loneliness, social monitoring, social attention, social perception, facial expressions, voice perception, social skills, social ties
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Analysis of Variance, Attention, Cues, Emotions, Female, Humans, Loneliness, Male, Psychological Theory, Mental Recall, Semantics, Social Perception, United States, Linear Models, Friends
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