Social Exclusion and Selective Memory: How the Need to belong Influences Memory for Social Events

Gardner, Wendi L.; Pickett, Cynthia L.; Brewer, Marilynn B.

doi:10.1177/0146167200266007

Cited by 581Death Anxiety and Social ExclusionSocial and Intergroup PsychologyMemory Processes and Influences

Social Exclusion and Selective Memory: How the Need to belong Influences Memory for Social Events

Gardner, Wendi L., Pickett, Cynthia L., Brewer, Marilynn B.·2000·Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

DOI 10.1177/0146167200266007

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Abstract

The need to belong has been forwarded as a pervasive human motive, influencing a range of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses. The current research explored the influence of belongingness needs on the selective retention of social information. Just as physical hunger results in selective memory for food-relevant stimuli, it was hypothesized that social hunger, aroused when belongingness needs were unmet, would result in selective memory for socially relevant stimuli. In two studies, the authors used a simulated computer chat room to present brief acceptance or rejection experiences to participants. Participants then read a diary containing both social and individual events. In both, rejection experiences resulted in selective memory for the explicitly social events of the diary. The implications of these results for the existence and consequences of a basic need to belong are discussed.

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In humans, socially excluded individuals display an enhanced memory for social events.
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From Dorsal raphe dopamine neurons represent the experience of social isolation (2016) · cites this paper as Gardner et al., 2000

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Authors: Gardner, W. L., Pickett, C. L., & Brewer, M. B.
Affiliations: Northwestern University (US)
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
The Ohio State University (US)
Corresponding author: Gardner, Wendi L.
ORCID: Gardner, Wendi L.
Brewer, Marilynn B.
Venue: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2000-04
Volume: 26
Issue: 4
Pages: 486-496
ISSN: 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
1552-7433
DOI: 10.1177/0146167200266007
OpenAlex: W2047554183
Cited by: 578
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 32
FWCI: 8.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Keywords: need to belong, social exclusion, selective memory, acceptance and rejection, social gatherings, basic psychological needs

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Social Exclusion and Selective Memory: How the Need to belong Influences Memory for Social Events

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