Responses to Social Exclusion: Social Anxiety, Jealousy, Loneliness, Depression, and Low Self-Esteem
Abstract
Baumeister and Tice's (this issue) social exclusion theory of anxiety proposes that a primary source of anxiety is perceived exclusion from important social groups. This article elaborates the basic propositions of social exclusion theory, then applies the theory to a broader analysis of affective reactions to exclusion. Specifically, the article examines the relationship between perceived social exclusion and social anxiety, jealousy, loneliness, and depression. The function of self-esteem and its role in moderating reactions to perceived exclusion are also discussed.
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Social anxiety may be more strongly associated with loneliness because social anxiety is triggered by a perceived threat to social relationships or status.
“This may be because social anxiety is triggered by a perceived threat to social relationships or status.90”
From Rapid Systematic Review: The Impact of Social Isolation and Loneliness on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in the Context of COVID-19 (2020) · cites this paper as [90]
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- Authors
- Leary, M. R.
- Affiliations
- Wake Forest University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Leary, Mark R.
- ORCID
- Leary, Mark R.
- Venue
- Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology
- Publisher
- Guilford Publications
- Published
- 1990-06
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 221-229
- ISSN
- 0736-7236 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2150120113
- Cited by
- 673
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 2.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- social exclusion, social exclusion theory, social anxiety, jealousy, loneliness, depression, self-esteem
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