Forgiveness and the Need to Belong
Open accessAbstract
People who experience a strong need to belong might be particularly inclined to forgive wrongdoings to preserve social bonds. Three studies that utilized different methods and measures of forgiveness consistently demonstrated this is not the case. The authors found that individuals high in the need to belong report practicing forgiveness with less frequency and value it no more than those low in the need to belong (Study 1). In Study 2, they found that satisfying the need to belong led participants to express greater willingness to forgive hypothetical offenses compared to participants in a control group. Finally, in Study 3, the authors linked the need to belong to forgiveness of specific transgressions and found that this negative relationship was mediated by offense-related anger and perceptions of offense severity. These findings suggest that needing to belong paradoxically interferes with forgiveness, even though forgiving could promote the satisfaction of belongingness needs following transgressions.
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Individuals who have less desire for belonging and intimacy show less likelihood of extending forgiveness to wrongdoers.
“individual who have les desire for belonging and intimacy shows less likelihood of expanding forgiveness to wrongdoers (Barnes et al., 2010).”
From THE ROLE OF INTIMACY, BELONGING, SELF-ESTEEM INTHE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANXIOUS, AVOIDANT ATTACHMENT AND FORGIVENESS AMONG MARRIED IRANIAN WOMEN (2021) · cites this paper as Barnes et al., 2010
The General Discussion reports the opposite relationship: across three studies, a stronger need to belong was associated with less forgiveness. The Abstract likewise says people high in the need to belong reported forgiving less frequently than those low in that need. The paper does not establish a separate finding about desire for intimacy. (LLM, conf=0.94)
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- Authors
- Barnes, C. D., Carvallo, M., Brown, R. P., & Osterman, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Oklahoma (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brown, Ryan P.
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-07-30
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1148-1160
- ISSN
- 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7433
- OpenAlex
- W2166527952
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 1.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- SHAREOK (University of Oklahoma; Oklahoma State University; Central Oklahoma University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Forgiveness and Related Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Keywords
- forgiveness, need to belong, social bonds, transgression, willingness to forgive, sense of belonging
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anger, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Motivation, Object Attachment, Rejection, Psychology, Self Concept, Social Behavior, Social Environment, Young Adult
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