Mindfulness and Its Association With Varied Types of Motivation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Using Self-Determination Theory
Abstract
Mindfulness has been shown to have varied associations with different forms of motivation, leading to a lack of clarity as to how and when it may foster healthy motivational states. Grounded in self-determination theory, the present study proposes a theoretical model for how mindfulness supports different forms of human motivation, and then tests this via meta-analysis. A systematic review identified 89 relevant studies ( N = 25,176), comprising 104 independent data sets and 200 effect sizes. We used a three-level modeling approach to meta-analyze these data. Across both correlational and intervention studies, we found consistent support for mindfulness predicting more autonomous forms of motivation and, among correlational studies, less controlled motivation and amotivation. We conducted moderation analyses to probe heterogeneity in the effects, including bias within studies. We conclude by highlighting substantive and methodological issues that need to be addressed in future research in this area.
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This explanation is consistent with recent findings from the perspective of self-determination theory.
“This explanation is consistent with recent findings from the perspective of SDT [19, 28, 50, 78] (see also Howell and Buro [31] and Grund and Senker [55] for related findings).”
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- Authors
- Donald, J. N., Bradshaw, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Basarkod, G., Ciarrochi, J., Duineveld, J. J., Guo, J., & Sahdra, B. K.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Australian Catholic University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Donald, James N.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2019-12-30
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1121-1138
- ISSN
- 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7433
- OpenAlex
- W2997194387
- Cited by
- 182
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 1.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- mindfulness, motivation, self-determination theory, autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, amotivation, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Models, Psychological, Motivation, Personal Autonomy, Mindfulness
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