Drinking motives mediate the negative associations between mindfulness facets and alcohol outcomes among college students
Open accessAbstract
Mindfulness and drinking motives have both been linked to affect regulation, yet the relationship between mindfulness and drinking motives is poorly understood. The present study examined whether drinking motives, particularly mood regulatory motives, mediated the associations between facets of mindfulness and alcohol-related outcomes among college students (N = 297). We found 3 specific facets of mindfulness (describing, nonjudging of inner experience, and acting with awareness) to have negative associations with alcohol outcomes. Importantly, specific drinking motives mediated these associations such that lower levels of mindfulness were associated with drinking for distinct reasons (enhancement, coping, conformity), which in turn predicted alcohol use and/or alcohol problems. Our findings suggest that drinking motives, especially mood regulatory and negative reinforcement motives, are important to examine when studying the role of mindfulness in college student drinking behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Emotional psychopathology mediated the pathways from acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, and nonreactivity to inner experience to alcohol problems, but not alcohol use.
“Consistent with prior work, these results have identified that the acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, or nonreactivity to inner experience facets were related to fewer alcohol problems (Fernandez et al., 2010; Murphy & MacKillop, 2012; Roos et al., 2015; Vinci et al., 2016).”
From Examining the Prospective Associations Between Mindfulness Facets and Substance Use in Emerging Adulthood. (2021) · cites this paper as Roos et al., 2015
The Results (page unavailable) identify drinking motives—not emotional psychopathology—as the mediators examined. They also report that nonreactivity was not significantly related to drinking motives or alcohol outcomes, contrary to the claimed mediated pathway. The printed citing sentence makes a narrower claim about fewer alcohol problems; this verdict addresses the supplied claim about mediation. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLongitudinal designs are virtually absent in prior research in this area.
“Longitudinal designs are virtually absent in prior research in this area (Fernandez et al., 2010; Murphy & MacKillop, 2012; Roos et al., 2015; Vinci et al., 2016).”
From Examining the Prospective Associations Between Mindfulness Facets and Substance Use in Emerging Adulthood. (2021) · cites this paper as Roos et al., 2015
The Discussion says this study was cross-sectional and calls for longitudinal and experimental designs to clarify temporal ordering. It does not say that longitudinal designs were virtually absent from prior research in the area. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDescribing, nonjudging, and acting with awareness facets are negatively associated with alcohol problems in students.
“Additionally, Roos et al. (2015) found the describing, nonjudging of inner experience, and acting with awareness facets to be negatively associated with alcohol problems in students in a cross-sectional study.”
From Examining the Prospective Associations Between Mindfulness Facets and Substance Use in Emerging Adulthood. (2021) · cites this paper as Roos et al., 2015
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
An Introduction to the Bootstrap
Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1994) · doi:10.1201/9780429246593 · Cited by 40,500 · see citing works
SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03206553 · Cited by 17,383 · see citing works
The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 · Cited by 13,448 · see citing works
Using Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191105283504 · Cited by 7,511 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Trait mindfulness is conceptualized to vary among individuals with or without meditation experience, and has been shown to be positively related to well-being and inversely related to psychological symptoms (Baer et al., 2006; Brown & Ryan, 2003).”
BackgroundMethodMindfulness: A proposed operational definition.
Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., Segal, Z. V., Abbey, S., Speca, M., Velting, D., et al. (2004) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.bph077 · Cited by 7,234 · see citing works
Enders, C., & Bandalos, D. (2001) · Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1207/s15328007sem0803_5 · Cited by 4,978 · see citing works
Required sample size to detect the mediated effect
Fritz, M. S., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2007) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01882.x · Cited by 4,810 · see citing works
Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A., & Freedman, B. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20237 · Cited by 4,002 · see citing works
Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies
Keng, S.-L., Smoski, M. J., & Robins, C. J. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.04.006 · Cited by 2,687 · see citing works
Motivations for alcohol use among adolescents: Development and validation of a four-factor model.
Cooper, M. L. (1994) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.6.2.117 · Cited by 2,399 · see citing works
Carmody, J., & Baer, R. A. (2008) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-007-9130-7 · Cited by 1,823 · see citing works
Collins, R. L., Parks, G. A., & Marlatt, G. A. (1985) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.53.2.189 · Cited by 1,644 · see citing works
Feldman, G., Hayes, A., Kumar, S., Greeson, J., & Laurenceau, J.-P. (2007) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-006-9035-8 · Cited by 1,630 · see citing works
A motivational model of alcohol use.
Cox, W. M., & Klinger, E. (1988) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.97.2.168 · Cited by 1,477 · see citing works
Measuring mindfulness—The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI)
Walach, H., Buchheld, N., Buttenmüller, V., Kleinknecht, N., & Schmidt, S. (2006) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.025 · Cited by 1,475 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…heavy drinking college students had significantly higher scores on the mind/ body awareness subscale of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI; Walach et al., 2006) than non-drinkers (Leigh, Bowen, & Marlatt, 2005), and this subscale was positively associated with alcohol use (Leigh &…”
BackgroundWhy do young people drink? A review of drinking motives
Kuntsche, E., Knibbe, R., Gmel, G., & Engels, R. (2005) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.06.002 · Cited by 1,472 · see citing works
Mindful emotion regulation: an integrative review
Chambers, R., Gullone, E., & Allen, N. B. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.06.005 · Cited by 1,360 · see citing works
Contemporary Approaches to Assessing Mediation in Communication Research
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781452272054.n2 · Cited by 1,346 · see citing works
Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2010) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0018441 · Cited by 1,242 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript regulate emotions (Arch & Craske, 2006; Goldin & Gross, 2010; Erisman & Roemer, 2010).”
BackgroundA motivational model of alcohol use.
Cox, W. M., & Klinger, E. (1988) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.97.2.168 · Cited by 1,114 · see citing works
Mechanisms of mindfulness: emotion regulation following a focused breathing induction
Arch, J. J., & Craske, M. G. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.12.007 · Cited by 1,005 · see citing works
Enders, C. K. (2001) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164401615001 · Cited by 816 · see citing works
Kahler, C. W., Strong, D. R., & Read, J. P. (2005) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1097/01.alc.0000171940.95813.a5 · Cited by 783 · see citing works
Kazdin, A. E., & Nock, M. K. (2003) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00195 · Cited by 774 · see citing works
Hayes, A. M., & Feldman, G. (2004) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.bph080 · Cited by 759 · see citing works
Wiers, R. W., Bartholow, B. D., van den Wildenberg, E., Thush, C., Engels, R. C. M. E., Sher, K. J., Grenard, J., Ames, S. L., & Stacy, A. W. (2007) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2006.09.021 · Cited by 734 · see citing works
Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial
Bowen, S., Chawla, N., Collins, S. E., Witkiewitz, K., Hsu, S., Grow, J., Clifasefi, S., Garner, M., Douglass, A., Larimer, M. E., et al. (2009) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897070903250084 · Cited by 715 · see citing works
Development and validation of a three-dimensional measure of drinking motives.
Cooper, M. L., Russell, M., Skinner, J. B., & Windle, M. T. (1992) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.4.2.123 · Cited by 711 · see citing works
Mindfulness and its relationship to emotional regulation
Hill, C. L. M., & Updegraff, J. A. (2012) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0026355 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Witkiewitz, K., & Bowen, S. (2010) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019172 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Grant, V. V., Stewart, S. H., O’Connor, R. M., Blackwell, E., & Conrod, P. (2007) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.07.004 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Coffey, K. A., Hartman, M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2010) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-010-0033-2 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Erisman, S. M., & Roemer, L. (2010) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0017162 · Cited by 411 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript regulate emotions (Arch & Craske, 2006; Goldin & Gross, 2010; Erisman & Roemer, 2010).”
BackgroundChiesa, A., & Serretti, A. (2014) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.3109/10826084.2013.770027 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Mechanisms of action in the inverse relationship between mindfulness and psychological distress
Coffey, K. A., & Hartman, M. (2008) · Complementary Health Practice Review · doi:10.1177/1533210108316307 · Cited by 345 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Thus, the use of more adaptive emotion regulation strategies may explain the relationship between mindfulness and positive health outcomes (Coffey & Hartman, 2008; Shapiro et al., 2006).”
BackgroundJimenez, S. S., Niles, B. L., & Park, C. L. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.041 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Spirituality, mindfulness and substance abuse
Leigh, J., Bowen, S., & Marlatt, G. A. (2005) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.01.010 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Breslin, F. C., Zack, M., & McMain, S. (2002) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.9.3.275 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Mindfulness: A Dialogue between Buddhism and Clinical Psychology
Kang, C., & Whittingham, K. (2010) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-010-0018-1 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Kashdan, T. B., Ferssizidis, P., Collins, R. L., & Muraven, M. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610379863 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Measuring mindfulness and examining its relationship with alcohol use and negative consequences
Fernandez, A. C., Wood, M. D., Stein, L. A. R., & Rossi, J. S. (2010) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0021742 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Living in the here and now: Interrelationships between impulsivity, mindfulness, and alcohol misuse
Murphy, C., & MacKillop, J. (2012) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2573-0 · Cited by 159 · cited 7× · see citing works
“Consistent with prior research (Fernandez et al., 2010; Murphy & Mackillop, 2012), nonjudging of inner experience was negatively associated with alcohol problems.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialEisenlohr-Moul, T. A., Walsh, E. C., Charnigo, R. J., Lynam, D. R., & Baer, R. A. (2012) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191112446658 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Influence of the recall period on self-reported alcohol intake
Ekholm, O. (2003) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601746 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Ostafin, B. D., & Marlatt, G. A. (2008) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2008.27.4.404 · Cited by 109 · cited 1× · see citing works
“These findings are consistent with other research demonstrating that observing one’s thoughts and feelings without judging them reduces the link between automatic alcohol approach motivation, an important alcohol use risk factor, and problematic drinking (Ostafin & Marlatt, 2008).”
ResultMindfulness Decouples the Relation Between Automatic Alcohol Motivation and Heavy Drinking
Ostafin, B. D., Bauer, C., & Myxter, P. (2012) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2012.31.7.729 · Cited by 84 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In fact, Ostafin, Bauer, and Myxter (2012) recently found that mindfulness training in college students decouples the relationship between automatic alcohol motivation and heavy drinking.”
BackgroundLeigh, J., & Neighbors, C. (2009) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2009.28.5.650 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Bowen, S. W., Witkiewitz, K. A., & Chawla, N. (2011) · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Muthén LK Muthén BO 1998–2012 Mplus user’s guide. Seventh Edition Los Angeles, CA Muthén & Muthén
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Trait mindfulness and health behaviours: a meta-analysis
Sala, M., Rochefort, C., Lui, P. P., & Baldwin, A. S. (2020) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2019.1650290 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Donald, J. N., Bradshaw, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Basarkod, G., Ciarrochi, J., Duineveld, J. J., Guo, J., & Sahdra, B. K. (2020) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167219896136 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Shuai, R., Bakou, A. E., Hardy, L., & Hogarth, L. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106141 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Drinking motives mediate the relationship between facets of mindfulness and problematic alcohol use
Vinci, C., Spears, C. A., Peltier, M. R., & Copeland, A. L. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0515-y · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Single, A., Bilevicius, E., Johnson, E. A., & Keough, M. T. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-1092-7 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Trait Mindfulness and Progression to Injection Use in Youth With Opioid Addiction
Wilson, J. D., Vo, H., Matson, P., Adger, H., Barnett, G., & Fishman, M. (2017) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2017.1289225 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Single, A., & Keough, M. T. (2021) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agaa112 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Wisener, M., & Khoury, B. (2022) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2020.1818758 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
A pilot mindfulness intervention to reduce heavy episodic drinking
Cotter, E. W., Hawthorne, D. J., Gerker, C., Norman, M., & Fotang, J. P. (2021) · Journal of College Counseling · doi:10.1002/jocc.12184 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Mindfulness training for clinically elevated social anxiety: The impact on peak drinking.
Buckner, J. D., Lewis, E. M., Abarno, C. N., & Heimberg, R. G. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106282 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Pilatti, A., Correa, P., Michelini, Y., Bravo, A. J., Pacini, G., & Pautassi, R. M. (2024) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2024.2370026 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Several studies have reported significant negative associations between mindfulness facets and alcohol use (Fernandez et al., 2010; Reynolds et al., 2015) and significant indirect associations between mindfulness facets and alcohol problems via coping motives and alcohol use (Roos et al., 2015).”
Influential
- Authors
- Roos, C. R., Pearson, M. R., & Brown, D. B.
- Affiliations
- University of New Mexico (US)
- Venue
- Psychology of Addictive Behaviors
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 176-183
- ISSN
- 0893-164X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1501
- PMC
- PMC4388773
- OpenAlex
- W2006867492
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 4.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychology of Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (K01AA023233)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Media Influence and Health
- Keywords
- mindfulness, drinking motives, college drinking, alcohol consumption, alcohol problems, mood regulation, negative reinforcement, coping motives, enhancement motives, acting with awareness, emotion regulation
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Affect, Alcohol Drinking, Awareness, Female, Humans, Male, Motivation, Reinforcement, Psychology, Sex Factors, Social Conformity, Students, Young Adult, Mindfulness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
