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The Experimental Generation of Interpersonal Closeness: A Procedure and Some Preliminary Findings
Abstract
A practical methodology is presented for creating closeness in an experimental context. Whether or not an individual is in a relationship, particular pairings of individuals in the relationship, and circumstances of relationship development become manipulated variables. Over a 45-min period subject pairs carry out self-disclosure and relationship-building tasks that gradually escalate in intensity. Study 1 found greater postinteraction closeness with these tasks versus comparable small-talk tasks. Studies 2 and 3 found no significant closeness effects, inspite of adequate power, for (a) whether pairs were matched for nondisagreement on important attitudes, (b) whether pairs were led to expect mutual liking, or (c) whether getting close was made an explicit goal. These studies also illustrated applications for addressing theoretical issues, yielding provocative tentative findings relating to attachment style and introversion/extraversion.
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“Social approach motivation is characterized by the desire to connect with others; it encourages behavior directed toward pursuing social connection,(7) including displays of active engagement and responsiveness(9) (e.g., self-disclosure,(10) positive emotional expressions(11)).”
In the citing paper
“controlled laboratory-based relationship-building task previously shown to facilitate interpersonal closeness”
From The affective tie that binds: Examining the contribution of positive emotions and anxiety to relationship formation in social anxiety disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Aron, Melinat, Aron, Vallone, & Bator, 1997
In the citing paper
“The conversation task, an abbreviated version of a previously validated relationship-building task (Aron et al., 1997)”
From The affective tie that binds: Examining the contribution of positive emotions and anxiety to relationship formation in social anxiety disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Aron et al., 1997
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“Similarly, participants randomized to answer a series of increasingly sensitive personal questions reported greater rapport relative to dyads assigned to make small talk (Aron et al., 1997; Sedikides et al., 2002).”
BackgroundPujiarti, R. N., Lee, B., & Yi, M. Y. (2022) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2022.2116414 · Cited by 19
“The intimacy levels of the questions were based on the Aron et al. (1997) ’ s intimacy level categories: minimal disclosure (lower intimacy) and closeness-generating questions (higher intimacy).”
BackgroundMethodParasocial relationships on YouTube reduce prejudice towards mental health issues
Lotun, S., Lamarche, V. M., Samothrakis, S., Sandstrom, G. M., & Matran‐Fernandez, A. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-17487-3 · Cited by 24
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Benavidez, T. M., Neria, A. L., & Jones, D. N. (2016) · Evolutionary Psychological Science · doi:10.1007/s40806-016-0044-x · Cited by 19
“This task was modeled closely after bonding tasks that have been previously shown to induce romantic attraction (see Aron 2003; Aron et al. 1997).”
BackgroundEffects of Self-Disclosure on Attributions in Human–IoT Conversational Agent Interaction
Li, Z., & Rau, P. P. (2019) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1093/iwc/iwz002 · Cited by 20
Question asking as a dyadic behavior.
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“For participants in the closeness condition, 57% of them chose to have another conversation with their partner (who was a stranger before) and 35% of participants did something with their partner outside of class (Aron et al., 1997).”
BackgroundRevealing the Worst First: Stealing Thunder as a Social Influence Strategy
Forgas, J. P., & Williams, K. D. (2016) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315783031-23 · Cited by 19
Kleinert, T., Waldschütz, M., Blau, J., Heinrichs, M., & Schiller, B. (2026) · Communications Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44271-025-00391-7 · Cited by 28
Mind–body connections in personal relationships: What close relationships researchers have to offer
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“Indeed, a one-session, self-disclosure exercise between two strangers strongly increased a composite measure of relationship closeness [91], suggesting other manipulations can also increase closeness within a single session between non-romantic partners.”
BackgroundEchols, L., & Ivanich, J. (2021) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12622 · Cited by 18
Allen, J. M., Brown, E. R., Ginther, A., Graham, J. E., Mercurio, D. G., & Smith, J. L. (2021) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-021-09639-6 · Cited by 22
Ease of Mind or Ties That Bind? Costs and Benefits of Disclosing Daily Hassles in Partnerships
Rauers, A., & Riediger, M. (2022) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/19485506221112252 · Cited by 18
“Both sets of findings are compatible with plausible and well-documented mechanisms that causally link social sharing to interpersonal closeness (Aron et al., 1997; Rimé et al., 2020; Sprecher et al., 2013).”
ResultRelative Importance of Incivility and Loneliness in Occupational Health Outcomes
Gilmer, D. O., Magley, V. J., Dugan, A. G., Namazi, S., & Cherniack, M. G. (2023) · Occupational Health Science · doi:10.1007/s41542-023-00145-z · Cited by 18
“, 2018); however, adjacent literatures on interpersonal closeness (Aron et al., 1997), workplace mentoring (Eby & Robertson, 2020), and belonging interventions (Allen et al.”
BackgroundAli, A. E., Stepanova, E. R., Palande, S., Mader, A., Cesar, P. S., & Jansen, K. M. B. (2023) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3544549.3585589 · Cited by 19
“The frst condition was to collect baseline breathing data during informal conversation, consisting of one or more ice breaking questions taken from [2] (e.”
BackgroundEmpirical Validation of an Accommodation Theory-Based Model of User-Agent Relationship
Bickmore, T., & Schulman, D. J. (2012) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-33197-8_40 · Cited by 18
“A set of 109 agent relational dialogue acts were authored, based on an experimental manipulation for increasing interpersonal closeness between people in the laboratory [11], and from review of transcripts of actual exercise trainer/client dialogues.”
MethodThe good, the bad, and the risky
Stinson, D. A., Cameron, J. J., & Robinson, K. (2015) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407514558961 · Cited by 14
The use of analytic interventions in Functional Analytic Psychotherapy.
Villas-Bôas, A., Meyer, S. B., Kanter, J. W., & Callaghan, G. M. (2015) · Behavior Analysis Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/h0101065 · Cited by 18
Kashdan, T., & Savostyanova, A. A. (2011) · The Behavior Therapist · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2010.07.004 · Cited by 21
“Students completed questionnaires before and after a social interaction task (adapted from Aron et al., 1997; see Kashdan & Roberts, 2007, for additional data).”
MethodHelping New Acquaintances Make the Right Impression: Balancing Image Concerns of Others and Self
Schlenker, B. R., Lifka, A. M., & Wowra, S. A. (2004) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/13576500444000010 · Cited by 18
Lifting the Veil: The Benefits of Cost TransparencyPreprint
Mohan, B., Buell, R. W., & John, L. K. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2498174 · Cited by 18
Pearlstein, S. L., Taylor, C. T., & Stein, M. B. (2019) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702619825857 · Cited by 17
“…began with an open-ended ice-breaker question (“Tell your partner a bit about yourself”) followed by five relationship-building questions selected from the Aron et al. (1997) paradigm (see the questions in Supplemental Materials; also used in Taylor & Amir, 2012 and Taylor et al., 2017)5.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialIndividual differences in anthropomorphism help explain social connection to AI companions
Folk, D. P., Heine, S. J., & Dunn, E. W. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-19212-2 · Cited by 34
Choi, M., & Toma, C. L. (2022) · Communication Studies · doi:10.1080/10510974.2022.2084429 · Cited by 20
“Closeness-Generating Inventory (Aron et al., 1997) and the Relationship Closeness Induction task (Sedikides et al.”
MethodAgnew, C. R., Carter, J. J., & Imami, L. (2022) · Technology Mind and Behavior · doi:10.1037/tmb0000091 · Cited by 18
Self-disclosure: Beneficial for cohesion in demographically diverse work groups?
Dumas, T. L., Rothbard, N. P., & Phillips, K. W. (2008) · Research on managing groups and teams · doi:10.1016/s1534-0856(08)11007-6 · Cited by 18
On being forgotten: Memory and forgetting serve as signals of interpersonal importance.
Ray, D. G., Gomillion, S., Pintea, A. I., & Hamlin, I. (2018) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspi0000145 · Cited by 17
Which Identities Are Concealable? Individual Differences in Concealability
Forestier, J. M. L., Page‐Gould, E., & Chasteen, A. L. (2023) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672231198162 · Cited by 16
“Reasons for exclusions are listed in the order they were made, and the numbers of exclusions reflects the number of additional participants or observations that were excluded for that reason over and above those already excluded for a previous reason. the small talk condition of the Fast Friends procedure (Aron et al…”
InfluentialSparling, S., & Cramer, K. (2015) · The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality · doi:10.3138/cjhs.243-a2 · Cited by 16
Robinson, H., Ravikulan, A., Nater, U. M., Skoluda, N., Jarrett, P., & Broadbent, E. (2017) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000492 · Cited by 16
Aron, A. P., & Tomlinson, J. M. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108658225.002 · Cited by 20
Self-citationRelationship-Induced Self-concept Change: Theoretical Perspectives and Methodological Approaches
Mattingly, B. A., McIntyre, K. P., & Lewandowski, G. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-43747-3_1 · Cited by 16
Bomyea, J. A., Sweet, A. M., Davey, D. K., Boland, M., Paulus, M. P., Stein, M. B., & Taylor, C. T. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.054 · Cited by 16
Why Be Generous? Tests of the Partner Choice and Threat Premium Models of Resource Division
Eisenbruch, A. B., Grillot, R. L., & Roney, J. R. (2019) · Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology · doi:10.1007/s40750-019-00117-0 · Cited by 15
Medvene, L. J., Teal, C. R., & Slavich, S. P. (2000) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2000.19.3.396 · Cited by 16
Social virtual reality elicits natural interaction behavior with self-similar and generic avatars
Son, G., & Rubo, M. (2025) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103488 · Cited by 15
Koç, T., & Çalışkan, K. (2022) · Journal of Further and Higher Education · doi:10.1080/0309877x.2022.2088270 · Cited by 19
“Taken together, dyads engaged in an important discussion may improve their relationships as they become better acquainted and appropriately self-disclose (Aron et al. 1997).”
BackgroundPenner, A., & Eyssel, F. (2022) · Robotics · doi:10.3390/robotics11060121 · Cited by 15
Pyo, T.-H., Tamrakar, C., Lee, J. Y., & Choi, Y. S. (2023) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113690 · Cited by 15
Kim, E. S., Chopik, W. J., Chen, Y., Wilkinson, R. G., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2023) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s204579602300077x · Cited by 15
“Friendship was also associated with all 5 (out of 5) psychological distress outcomes.”
BackgroundInfluentialWhites' Desire to Affiliate and Perceived Understanding in Interracial Interactions
Holoien, D. S. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2015.08.004 · Cited by 15
Ranney, J. D., & Troop‐Gordon, W. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.038 · Cited by 16
Perceiving personality through the grapevine: A network approach to reputations.
Costello, C., & Srivastava, S. (2020) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000362 · Cited by 17
The Cambridge Handbook of Applied School Psychology
Worrell, T. L. H. F. C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532 · Cited by 15
Tönsing, D., Schiller, B., Vehlen, A., Spenthof, I., Domes, G., & Heinrichs, M. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-25189-z · Cited by 15
Stasiuk, K., & Bilewicz, M. (2013) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.2147 · Cited by 15
Want to make me happy? Tell me about your experiences but not your objects
Bastos, W. (2020) · Journal of Consumer Affairs · doi:10.1111/joca.12321 · Cited by 16
Empathy and Concern with Negative Evaluation in Intergroup Relations
Vorauer, J. D. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108614924 · Cited by 14
Terzino, K. A., & Cross, S. E. (2008) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860802102273 · Cited by 15
“For example, when asked to become acquainted with a stranger in a closeness-generating task (Aron, Melinat, Aron, Vallone, & Bator, 1997 ), persons with highly relational self-construals were described as more open and responsive by their interaction partners than were low relationals (Cross et al, 2000 ).”
BackgroundSocial anxiety and MDMA-assisted therapy investigation: a novel clinical trial protocol
Lear, M. K., Smith, S. M., Pilecki, B. C., Stauffer, C. S., & Luoma, J. B. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1083354 · Cited by 15
“Therefore, to assess social anxiety, participants will engage in a brief closeness-generating experimental task with a stranger [Fast Friends task; (128)] at baseline and primary outcome assessment points.”
Feeling known predicts relationship satisfaction
Schroeder, J., & Fishbach, A. (2023) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104559 · Cited by 22
“As just one example, the “ Fast Friends ” paradigm, one of the quickest validated routes to enhancing relationship closeness (Aron et al., 1997; Catron, 2015), involves reciprocally exchanging personal information of increased intimacy, thus building knowledge and consequently relationship…”
MethodAn ironic effect of monitoring closeness
Shapira, O., Gundar-Goshen, A., Liberman, N., & Dar, R. (2013) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2013.794771 · Cited by 14
“As in Aron et al.’s (1997) studies, and in order to make the analysis similar to that of sitting distance (which was measured at the pair level), we averaged the explicit closeness scores within each pair and used the pair as the unit of analysis.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialNeural changes in reward processing following approach-avoidance training for depression
Bomyea, J. A., Choi, S., Sweet, A. M., Stein, M. B., Paulus, M. P., & Taylor, C. T. (2021) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsab107 · Cited by 14
“Prior to the task, participants were informed that they would be getting to know an assistant who worked in the lab and, once the confederate was present, stated that the purpose of the task was to get to know one another by answering a series of questions about themselves (Aron et al., 1997).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialVezzali, L., Trifiletti, E., Wölfer, R., Bernardo, G. A. D., Stathi, S., Cocco, V. M., Cadamuro, A., Shamloo, S. E., & Hewstone, M. (2022) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/13684302221104921 · Cited by 14
“After explaining instructions, we gave participants 36 questions from the closeness generation procedure (Aron et al., 1997).”
MethodNull regions: a unified conceptual framework for statistical inference
Smiley, A. H., Glazier, J. J., & Shoda, Y. (2023) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.221328 · Cited by 18
Pearson, A. R., Dovidio, J. F., Phills, C. E., & Onyeador, I. N. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2013.03.015 · Cited by 14
“Bergsieker et al. (2010) similarly found thatWhites showedmore ingratiation behaviors, such as smiling, in interracial compared to same-race interactions.”
BackgroundOpioid receptor blockade inhibits self-disclosure during a closeness-building social interaction
Tchalova, K., & MacDonald, G. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104559 · Cited by 12
“We also included a variant of the measure (IOS-desired) asking participants which pair of circles best represented the relationship they wished they could have with their partner (Aron et al., 1997).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential"Closer than Real": How Social VR Platform Features Influence Friendship Dynamics
Hide, M., Hatada, Y., Kuzuoka, H., & Narumi, T. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3714170 · Cited by 13
“Self-disclosure, which involves intentionally revealing unknown information to others, is a major factor in building relationships [1, 7].”
How Does Virtual Reality Compare? The Effects of Avatar Appearance and Medium on Self-Disclosure
Bradbury, A. E., Schertz, S., & Wiebe, E. (2022) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/1071181322661123 · Cited by 13
“This prompt has been used in previous self-disclosure studies (e.g., Baccon et al., 2019) and is designed to elicit social closeness and self-disclosure (Aron et al., 1997).”
MethodTobias, J. M. (2023) · Journal of Consumer Affairs · doi:10.1111/joca.12543 · Cited by 14
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Behavioral Interventions to Improve Home-Based Office-Workers’ Health
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Speak Up! Mistaken Beliefs About How Much to Talk in Conversations
Hirschi, Q., Wilson, T. D., & Gilbert, D. T. (2022) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672221104927 · Cited by 13
“As other research has highlighted, it is also important to disclose about one’s self (Aron et al., 1997; Kardas et al., 2022), use at least some of one’s talking time to ask open questions (Huang et al., 2017; Van Quaquebeke & Felps, 2018), and when not speaking, to listen well (Lloyd et al., 2015;…”
BackgroundAggression and Helping as Responses to Same-Sex and Opposite-Sex Rejection in Men and Women
Rajchert, J. M., Konopka, K., & Boguszewski, P. M. (2018) · Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.1177/1474704918775253 · Cited by 13
“, Ayduk et al., 2008; Chow et al., 2008) or helping (e.g., Twenge et al., 2007), we assumed that measuring both hurtful and helpful behavior could allow for strategy choosing and that sex differences could become visible. The results contradicted our prediction and confirmed that responses to rejection are not differe…”
ResultReconceptualizing adult attachment relationships: A network perspective
McWilliams, L. A., & Fried, E. I. (2019) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12263 · Cited by 15
Effects of Rejection by a Friend for Someone Else on Emotions and Behavior
Rajchert, J. M., Żółtak, T., Szulawski, M., & Jasielska, D. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00764 · Cited by 16
Ortega, M. A. R., Kuczynski, A. M., Kanter, J. W., de Montis, I. A., & Santos, M. M. (2019) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-019-00338-5 · Cited by 17
Monin, J. K., Manigault, A. W., Levy, B. R., Schulz, R., Duker, A., Clark, M. S., Ness, P. H. V., & Kershaw, T. (2019) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000777 · Cited by 16
Controlling for Confounders in Multimodal Emotion Classification via Adversarial Learning
Jaiswal, M., Aldeneh, Z., & Provost, E. M. (2019) · INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION · doi:10.1145/3340555.3353731 · Cited by 13
“Emotions were induced in the participants via video stimuli and via emotionally evocative monologue topics [2].”
BackgroundHow Newly Acquainted Dyads Develop Shared Stereotypic Impressions through Conversation
Ruscher, J. B., Cralley, E. L., & O'Farrell, K. J. (2005) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430205053942 · Cited by 13
“Surveys also included two items from Aron et al. (1997) and seven items from Zaccaro and McCoy (1988) that assessed perceived closeness and interpersonal attraction.”
BackgroundClark, J., & Green, M. C. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.031 · Cited by 13
Hoffman, S. N., Stein, M. B., & Taylor, C. T. (2022) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.10.003 · Cited by 17
Hong, J. H., Nakamura, J. S., Sahakari, S. S., Chopik, W. J., Shiba, K., VanderWeele, T. J., & Kim, E. S. (2024) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291723002581 · Cited by 17
Brummelman, E., Bos, P. A., de Boer, E., Nevicka, B., & Sedikides, C. (2024) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.13516 · Cited by 15
“Although parents today spend more time with their children than parents did half a century ago (Bianchi et al., 2006), the fast pace of Insev-eral experiments (Aron et al., 1997), unacquainted university students, after being paired, opened an envelope containing a list of questions.”
Lee, R. T., Surenkok, G., & Zayas, V. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18365-5 · Cited by 15
“”) are taken from Aron and colleagues [102].”
BackgroundRifat, M. R., Ayad, R., Asha, A. Z., Huang, B., Okman, S., Sabie, D., Ferdous, H. S., Soden, R., & Ahmed, S. I. (2024) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613904.3642821 · Cited by 12
“We know that emotional expression can serve as a social signal that afects listener-speaker emotional synchrony [62, 181], and that sharing both happy and complex emotional stories fosters interpersonal closeness [11, 102, 195].”
An experimental test of the effects of online and face-to-face feedback on self-esteem
Vossen, H. G. M., Koutamanis, M., & Walther, J. B. (2017) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2017-4-1 · Cited by 12
“…Miller, Berg, & Archer, 1983; Rubin & Shenker, 1978), manipulate intimacy of self-disclosure (Archer, Berg, & Runge, 1980) and relational closeness (Aron, Melinat, Aron, & Bator, 1997; Sedikides, Campbell, Reader, & Elliot, 1999), and items used as topics for self-presentation (Gonzales & Hancock,…”
Self-expansion: Intergroup and Sociocultural Factors
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“Since information sharing aids in social bonding (Aron et al., 1997), responders may share limited information with others via ambiguous answers also because they are insufficiently motivated to share more detailed information.”
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“Conver-sation topics were based on a subset of FFP questions, a methodology previously used in [67,68,72,73].”
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“When a reference is in place, the most common approaches are “Social Presence” by Biocca et al. [24–26] or “Closeness” by Aron et al. [9, 10]. . . . is evaluated using a qualitative methodology, either in a field study or in a laboratory with a small sample of participants, often even less than…”
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“…Wyer (2008) measured perceived relationship closeness and memory confusions as outcomes in separate studies. into the effects of self-disclosure (Aron et al, 1997) and humor (Fraley & Aron, 2004) suggests that these forms of uniquely shared experience are impactful in the early stages of…”
An Investigation of the Relationship Between Cross-Race Friendships and Attraction
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“Experiments using manipulations of intimate cross-racial contact in the lab (e.g., the “Fast Friends” procedure; Aron et al., 1997), may further illuminate whether cross-race contact can causally affect outgroup attraction.”
MethodThe complicated connection between closeness and the quality of romantic relationships
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“Given previous research has demonstrated closeness discrepancies vary by attachment style (Aron et al., 1997; Mashek & Sherman, 2004), additional research is needed to understand the extent to which attachment and other relational factors may moderate the association between closeness discrepancies and relationship qu…”
BackgroundPrejudice Reduction and Social Change
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When and why people conceal their identities
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“For example, if someone holds a goal to strengthen their relationships, they might appraise identity disclosure as a relevant goal-pursuit strategy because self-disclosure can be beneficial for generating interpersonal closeness 34,65,66 .”
Metadata
- Authors
- Aron, A., Melinat, E., Aron, E. N., Vallone, R. D., & Bator, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- California Graduate School of Family Psychology
- University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
- Arizona State University
- Corresponding author
- Aron, Arthur
- ORCID
- Aron, Arthur
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1997-04
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 363-377
- ISSN
- 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7433
- OpenAlex
- W2167393292
- Cited by
- 902
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 67 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 113 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 4.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- relationship closeness, self-disclosure, relationship building, small talk, interpersonal attraction, attachment styles, extraversion-introversion
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