Inflammation: roles in aging and sarcopenia
Abstract
Aging is associated with inflammatory chronic conditions such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and arthritis. Sarcopenia—muscle loss with aging—is multifactorial with contributing factors that may include loss of α‐motor neuron input, changes in anabolic hormones, decreased intake of dietary protein, and decline in physical activity. Research findings suggest that sarcopenia is a smoldering inflammatory state driven by cytokines and oxidative stress. Elevated levels of interleukin‐6 and C‐reactive protein are often detected. Sarcopenic obesity manifests the added inflammatory burden of adiposity and associated adipokines. Potential interventions for sarcopenia include nutritional supplements, physical activity/resistance exercise, caloric restriction, anabolic hormones, anti‐inflammatory agents, and antioxidants. A key question is whether sarcopenia is truly a distinct syndrome or a milder form of a cachexia continuum.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Oxidative stress is strongly associated with the expression of various inflammatory transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) that modulates proteolytic pathways and promotes inflammation.
“Oxidative stress is strongly associated with the expression of various inflammatory transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-kB (NF- kB) that modulates proteolytic pathways and promotes inflammation (29–31).”
From Diabetes and Sarcopenic Obesity: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
Age-related inflammation is associated with reductions in skeletal muscle size and function (sarcopenia).
“Age-related inflammation is associated with reductions in skeletal muscle size and function (sarcopenia) [44].”
From Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis (2018) · cites this paper as [44]
Cites
Epidemiology of Sarcopenia among the Elderly in New Mexico
Baumgartner, R. N., Koehler, K. M., Gallagher, D., Romero, L., Heymsfield, S. B., Ross, R. R., Garry, P. J., & Lindeman, R. D. (1998) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009520 · Cited by 4,004 · see citing works
Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people
Fiatarone, M. A., O'Neill, E. F., Ryan, N. D., Clements, K. M., Solares, G. R., Nelson, M. E., Roberts, S. B., Kehayias, J. J., Lipsitz, L. A., & Evans, W. J. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199406233302501 · Cited by 2,857 · see citing works
The healthcare costs of sarcopenia in the United States
Janssen, I., Shepard, D. S., Katzmarzyk, P. T., & Roubenoff, R. (2004) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52014.x · Cited by 1,546 · see citing works
Rosenberg, I. H. (1989) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/50.5.1231 · Cited by 1,201 · see citing works
Inflammatory markers and loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) and strength
Schaap, L. A., Pluijm, S. M. F., Deeg, D. J. H., & Visser, M. (2006) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.10.049 · Cited by 1,047 · see citing works
Morley, J. E., Baumgartner, R., Roubenoff, R., Mayer, J., & Nair, K. S. (2001) · Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1067/mlc.2001.113504 · Cited by 938 · see citing works
Weight loss regulates inflammation‐related genes in white adipose tissue of obese subjects
ClÉment, K., Viguerie, N., Poitou, C., Carette, C., Pelloux, V., Curat, C. A., Sicard, A., Rome, S., Benis, A., Zucker, J., et al. (2004) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.04-2204com · Cited by 640 · see citing works
Effect of Testosterone Treatment on Body Composition and Muscle Strength in Men Over 65 Years of Age
Snyder, P. J. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.84.8.2647 · Cited by 531 · see citing works
Aging, adiposity, and calorie restriction
Fontana, L. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.297.9.986 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Thomas, D. R. (2007) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2007.03.008 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Growth Hormone Replacement in Healthy Older Men Improves Body Composition but Not Functional Ability
Papadakis, M. A., Grady, D., Black, D., Tierney, M. J., Gooding, G. A. W., Schambelan, M., & Grunfeld, C. (1996) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-124-8-199604150-00002 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Sarcopenia and its implications for the elderly
Roubenoff, R. (2000) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601024 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Cesari, M., Kritchevsky, S. B., Baumgartner, R., Atkinson, H. H., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Lenchik, L., Palla, S. L., Ambrosius, W. T., Tracy, R. P., & Pahor, M. (2005) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn.82.2.428 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Skeletal muscle apoptosis, sarcopenia and frailty at old age
Marzetti, E., & Leeuwenburgh, C. (2006) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2006.08.011 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Cesari, M., Kritchevsky, S. B., Baumgartner, R., et al. (2005) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/82.2.428 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Skeletal muscle lipid deposition and insulin resistance: effect of dietary fatty acids and exercise
Corcoran, M. P., Lamon-Fava, S., & Fielding, R. A. (2007) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.3.662 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Cesari, M., Pahor, M., Bartali, B., Cherubini, A., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Williams, G. R., Atkinson, H. H., Martin-Marco, A., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2004) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/79.2.289 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Catabolism of aging: is it an inflammatory process?
Roubenoff, R. (2003) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/01.mco.0000068965.34812.62 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Sarcopenia—consequences, mechanisms, and potential therapies
Greenlund, L. J. S. (2003) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(02)00196-3 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Obesity Is Associated with Functional Decline in Community‐Dwelling Rural Older Persons
Jensen, G. L., & Friedmann, J. M. (2002) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50220.x · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Self-citationPayette, H., Roubenoff, R., Jacques, P. F., Dinarello, C. A., Wilson, P. W. F., Abad, L. W., & Harris, T. (2003) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51407.x · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Roubenoff, R. (2000) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06515.x · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Reuben, D. B., Judd‐Hamilton, L., Harris, T. B., & Seeman, T. E. (2003) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51380.x · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Socioeconomic status and C-reactive protein levels in the US population: NHANES IV
Alley, D. E., Seeman, T. E., Kim, J. K., Karlamangla, A. S., Hu, P., & Crimmins, E. M. (2005) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2005.10.003 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Modifying muscle mass – the endocrine perspective
Solomon, A. M., & Bouloux, P. M. G. (2006) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.1.06837 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Carotenoids as protection against sarcopenia in older adults
Semba, R. D., Lauretani, F., & Ferrucci, L. (2006) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2006.11.025 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Jensen, G. L. (2006) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607106030005453 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationSemba, R. D., Blaum, C. S., Guralnik, J. M., Moncrief, D. T., Ricks, M. O., & Fried, L. P. (2003) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/bf03327377 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Nutrition, Inflammation, and Leptin Levels in Aging and Frailty
Hubbard, R. E., O'Mahony, M. S., Calver, B. L., & WOODHOUSE, K. W. (2008) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01548.x · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Skeletal muscle lipid concentration quantified by magnetic resonance imaging
Goodpaster, B. H., Stenger, V. A., Boada, F. E., McKolanis, T. M., Davis, D., Ross, R., & Kelley, D. E. (2004) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/79.5.748 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Tumor necrosis factor α signaling in skeletal muscle: effects of age and caloric restriction
Dirks, A. J., & Leeuwenburgh, C. (2005) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.11.002 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
New concepts in anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.
Sandborn, W. J. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Semba, R. D., Varadhan, R., Bartali, B., Ferrucci, L., Ricks, M. O., Blaum, C. S., & Fried, L. P. (2006) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afl122 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Anti-TNF strategies in stenosing and fistulizing Crohn?s disease
Holtmann, M. H., & Neurath, M. F. (2004) · International Journal of Colorectal Disease · doi:10.1007/s00384-004-0634-0 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Obesity Is a Risk Factor for Reporting Homebound Status among Community‐Dwelling Older Persons
Jensen, G. L., Silver, H. J., Roy, M., Callahan, E., Still, C. D., & Dupont, W. D. (2006) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2006.66 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationAntibody Treatments of Inflammatory Arthritis
Brown, M. A. (2005) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/092986705774462842 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Critical Role of Metabolic Pathways in Aging
Barzilai, N., Huffman, D. M., Muzumdar, R. H., & Bartke, A. (2012) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db11-1300 · Cited by 803 · see citing works
Mitochondrial dysfunction and sarcopenia of aging: from signaling pathways to clinical trials
Marzetti, E., Calvani, R., Cesari, M., Buford, T. W., Lorenzi, M., Behnke, B. J., & Leeuwenburgh, C. (2013) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2013.06.024 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Understanding sarcopenia as a geriatric syndrome
Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Landi, F., Topinková, E., & Michel, J.-P. (2010) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e328333c1c1 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
Atkins, J. L., Whincup, P. H., Morris, R. W., Lennon, L. T., Papacosta, O., & Wannamethee, S. G. (2014) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12652 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Muscle loss and obesity: the health implications of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity
Wannamethee, S. G., & Atkins, J. L. (2015) · Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s002966511500169x · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Grosicki, G. J., Fielding, R. A., & Lustgarten, M. S. (2018) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-017-0345-5 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity
Choi, K. M. (2016) · The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.3904/kjim.2016.193 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Nutrition and Sarcopenia: A Review of the Evidence and Implications for Preventive Strategies
Robinson, S., Cooper, C., & Aihie Sayer, A. (2012) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.1155/2012/510801 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Diabetes and Sarcopenic Obesity: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments
Wang, M., Tan, Y., Shi, Y., Wang, X., Liao, Z., & Wei, P. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00568 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Kim, T. N., Park, M. S., Lim, K. I., Choi, H. Y., Yang, S. J., Yoo, H. J., Kang, H. J., Song, W., Choi, H., Baik, S. H., et al. (2013) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04433.x · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Levine, M. E., & Crimmins, E. M. (2012) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2012.20 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Waters, D. L., & Baumgartner, R. N. (2011) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2011.03.007 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Candow, D. G., Forbes, S. C., Chilibeck, P. D., Cornish, S. M., Antonio, J., & Kreider, R. B. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8040488 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Exercise therapy for people with sarcopenic obesity: myokines and adipokines as effective actors
Alizadeh Pahlavani, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.811751 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Powerful signals for weak muscles
Saini, A., Faulkner, S., Al-Shanti, N., & Stewart, C. (2009) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2009.02.001 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Liu, H.-W., Chang, Y.-C., Chan, Y.-C., Hu, S.-H., Liu, M.-Y., & Chang, S.-J. (2020) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-020-09867-x · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Relationship between major dietary patterns and sarcopenia among menopausal women
Mohseni, R., Aliakbar, S., Abdollahi, A., Yekaninejad, M. S., Maghbooli, Z., & Mirzaei, K. (2017) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-016-0721-4 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Low muscle mass in older men: The role of lifestyle, diet and cardiovascular risk factors
Atkins, J. L., Whincup, P. H., Morris, R. W., & Wannamethee, S. G. (2014) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-013-0336-9 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Hertfordshire sarcopenia study: design and methods
Patel, H. P., Syddall, H. E., Martin, H. J., Stewart, C. E., Cooper, C., & Sayer, A. A. (2010) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2318-10-43 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Lost in translation: regulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis
Weigl, L. G. (2012) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2012.02.017 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Long, D. E., Peck, B. D., Tuggle, S. C., Villasante Tezanos, A. G., Windham, S. T., Bamman, M. M., Kern, P. A., Peterson, C. A., & Walton, R. G. (2021) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-020-00315-9 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Organotypic cultures as aging associated disease models
Sanchez, M. M., Bagdasarian, I. A., Darch, W., & Morgan, J. T. (2022) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.204361 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jensen, G. L.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jensen, Gordon L.
- ORCID
- Jensen, Gordon L.
- Venue
- Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-11
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 656-659
- ISSN
- 0148-6071 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-2444
- OpenAlex
- W2045815176
- Cited by
- 195
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 0.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U13DK064190)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
- Keywords
- sarcopenia, aging, inflammation, sarcopenic obesity, cytokines, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, oxidative stress, adipokines, muscle mass loss, resistance training, caloric restriction, dietary supplements, anti-inflammatory agents, antioxidants, anabolic hormones
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Humans, Inflammation, Muscular Atrophy, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Obesity, Weight Loss, Comorbidity, Dietary Supplements
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
