Parental Knowledge of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Opinions of Treatment Options: Impact on Enrolment and Adherence to a 12-Month Treatment Trial
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study examines the relationship between parents' knowledge of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and opinions of treatment and their impact on enrolment in and adherence to both pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for children with ADHD. METHOD: Participants in the study were the parents of 81 children who reached diagnostic criteria for ADHD and who were referred to a treatment study of ADHD involving stimulant medication and parent groups. The mothers completed a modified version of the ADHD Knowledge and Opinion Scale (AKOS) prior to receiving diagnostic feedback and prior to the families' decisions to participate in a 12-month randomized trial (medication [methylphenidate or placebo] and parent groups [training or support]). Treatment enrolment and adherence were monitored over the 12-month trial, and families who remained in the study at 12 months completed another modified AKOS. RESULTS: A higher level of knowledge of ADHD was found to be related to more favourable opinions of parent groups but not of medication. Moreover, parents who were more knowledgeable about ADHD were more likely to enroll in both pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments. Adherence to pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments was not predicted by parental knowledge of ADHD or opinions of the treatment. CONCLUSION: Parents' knowledge of ADHD and opinions of treatments play a significant role in enrollment in treatments for their children with ADHD. Providing information to parents regarding ADHD prior to offering treatment modalities could have a favourable impact on treatment enrollment and hence treatment adherence.
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Relatively few individuals with ADHD receive effective treatment throughout the full course of the disorder.
“relatively few individuals with ADHD receive effective treatment throughout the full course of their disorder (Corkum, Rimer, & Schachar, 1999; Jensen et al., 2007; MTA Cooperative Group, 1999; MTA Cooperative Group, 2004; Perwien, Hall, Swensen, & Swindle, 2004; Sanchez, Crismon, Barner, Bettinger, & Wilson, 2005; Weiss, Gadow, & Wasdell, 2006; Molina et al., 2009)”
From The influences of environmental enrichment, cognitive enhancement, and physical exercise on brain development: Can we alter the developmental trajectory of ADHD? (2011) · cites this paper as Corkum et al., 1999
It is often unclear from adherence reports how much of a 50% adherence rate reflects planned drug holidays or deliberate medication only on school days.
“Unfortunately, it is often unclear from such reports 20 how much of the 50% ''adherence'' rate resulted from planned drug holidays or deliberate medication only on school days.”
From Medication Adherence in the MTA: Saliva Methylphenidate Samples Versus Parent Report and Mediating Effect of Concomitant Behavioral Treatment (2009) · cites this paper as [20]
Another study found that 74% of children with ADHD initially assigned to stimulants took at least half of their pills for 12 months, and 52% continued stimulant medication for 3 consecutive years.
“Another study found that only 74% of children with ADHD initially assigned to stimulants took 50% or more of their pills for 12 months, 20 and only 52% continued to use stimulant medication for 3 consecutive years.21”
From Medication Adherence in the MTA: Saliva Methylphenidate Samples Versus Parent Report and Mediating Effect of Concomitant Behavioral Treatment (2009) · cites this paper as [20]
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Risk factors for discontinuing drug therapy among children with ADHD
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- Authors
- Corkum, P., Rimer, P., & Schachar, R.
- Affiliations
- Mount Saint Vincent University (CA)
- Hospital for Sick Children (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Schachar, Russell
- Venue
- The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1999-12
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1043-1048
- ISSN
- 0706-7437 (ISSN-L)
- 1497-0015
- OpenAlex
- W2420851163
- Cited by
- 164
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 1.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DalSpace (Dalhousie University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Medication Adherence and Compliance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, parental knowledge, treatment attitudes, medication adherence, stimulant medication, methylphenidate, parent training, parent support groups, children
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Attitude to Health, Behavior Therapy, Child, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Methylphenidate, Parents, Patient Compliance, Time Factors
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