Online Sexual Harassment in Adolescence: A Scoping Review
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Abstract Introduction Sexual harassment is a complex behavior to study since it is characterized by various dimensions and definitions. Analyzing the characteristics and manifestations of this behavior in the online context, at such a vulnerable time as adolescence, is important to fully understand its nature, characteristics, and consequences. Aims and Method This work aims to systematize the information available in the literature, identify labels used to refer to online sexual harassment in the adolescent population, describe the definition of online sexual harassment taking into consideration specific criteria that emerge from the studies, and describe the operationalization of online sexual harassment. The literature search was conducted in November 2021 through four scientific databases: Scopus, PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science. The initial search led to 20958 results: after eliminating duplicates, screening, and reading of full-texts, 65 papers were included in the review. Results The type of relationship between aggressor and victim, the use of abusive connotations, and the time frame of occurring behaviors are investigated in included studies. Moreover, different typologies of abuse have been described, by differentiating between studies that focus on the victim's point of view and studies that focus on the perpetrator’s point of view. Conclusion Online sexual harassment covers a wide range of behaviors using digital content (images, videos, posts, messages). Through this scoping review, it is possible to identify some key characteristics of this phenomenon: online sexual harassment has an abusive connotation, as it is perceived as unwanted by the victim, it can occur in three main typologies (verbal, visual, cybersex) and even a single episode is enough to experience victimization. In terms of relational behaviors, online sexual harassment includes unwanted sexual solicitations and non-consensual sharing.
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The high variability in prevalence rates is primarily attributed to the wide range of different ways in which the phenomenon is defined and operationalised.
“This high level of variability in prevalence rates is primarily attributed to the wide range of different ways in which the phenomenon is defined and operationalised (i.e., the dimensions and forms of aggression considered) in scientific studies (Franceschi et al., 2023; Patel & Roesch, 2022).”
From Online Sexual Harassment Perpetration Among Peer Adolescents: A Cross-National and Cross-Gender Study (2025) · cites this paper as Franceschi et al., 2023
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Lawrence, T. I., Wojciechowski, T. W., Lee, K. C., & Amador, B. (2025) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-025-01820-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Online Sexual Harassment, Disordered Eating Attitudes, and Body Shame in Young Women
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- Authors
- Angela, F., María-Luisa, R.-D., Annalaura, N., & Ersilia, M.
- ORCID
- Angela, Franceschi
- Venue
- Sexuality Research and Social Policy
- Published
- 2023-09-02
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1480-1499
- ISSN
- 1553-6610 (ISSN-L)
- 1868-9884
- OpenAlex
- W4386352245
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 3
- FWCI
- 12.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Sexuality Research and Social Policy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Firenze
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Keywords
- online sexual harassment, adolescents, cyberbullying, cybersex, abuse typology, victimization, perpetrator-victim relationship
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