Virtual reality exposure therapy on alcohol and nicotine: a systematic review
Abstract
Purpose: Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) is an intervention used to treat alcohol and nicotine dependence that delivers cue exposure therapy using a virtual reality environment; however, little is known about the effects of these interventions. Method: We used systematic review methods to examine the effects of VRET on alcohol or nicotine dependence, craving, and substance use with persons with current nicotine or alcohol dependence. We conducted a comprehensive search to retrieve published and unpublished intervention studies in 18 databases and other gray literature sources. Studies were screened, and data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Results: Five studies including 212 participants were included. Effects were found for alcohol and nicotine dependence and craving; however, significant methodological issues and high risk of bias were present across studies. Conclusion: Evidence of effects of VRET is sparse, and methodological flaws and gaps in reporting were identified. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
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In a systematic review of studies on VRET for substance dependence, only five studies were selected, investigating VRET efficacy for alcohol craving (one study) and nicotine craving and dependence (four studies).
“In a systematic review of studies on the efficacy of VRET for substance dependence, only five studies were selected for review which investigated VRET efficacy for the treatment of alcohol craving (one study) and nicotine craving and dependence (four studies).”
The review reported that VRET was effective in reducing nicotine craving and facilitating smoking cessation.
“The review reported that VRET was effective in reducing nicotine craving and facilitating smoking cessation.”
The review indicated that VRET was more effective than cognitive behavioral therapy to alleviate alcohol craving, but the selected study was limited by small sample size and short period of follow-up.
“In addition, the review also indicated that VRET was more effective than cognitive behavioral therapy to alleviate alcohol craving, but the selected study was limited by small sample size and short period of follow-up (29).”
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Deng, H., Zhang, R., Wang, C., Zhang, B., Wang, J., Wang, S., Zhang, J., Shari, N. I., & Leong Bin Abdullah, M. F. I. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1215963 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Trahan, M. H., Maynard, B. R., Smith, K. S., Farina, A. S. J., & Khoo, Y. M.
- Affiliations
- Texas State University (US)
- Saint Louis University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Trahan, Mark H.
- Venue
- Research on Social Work Practice
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2019-02-17
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 876-891
- ISSN
- 1049-7315 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7581
- OpenAlex
- W2915509117
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 0.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Research on Social Work Practice (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Keywords
- virtual reality exposure therapy, alcoholism, nicotine dependence, cue exposure therapy, craving, substance use, addiction treatment, risk of bias
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