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The Stroop Color-Word Test: Influence of Age, Sex, and Education; and Normative Data for a Large Sample Across the Adult Age Range
Abstract
The Stroop Color-Word Test was administered to 1,856 cognitively screened, healthy Dutchspeaking participants aged 24 to 81 years. The effects of age, gender, and education on Stroop test performance were investigated to adequately stratify the normative data. The results showed that especially the speed-dependent Stroop scores (time to complete a subtest), rather than the accuracy measures (the errors made per Stroop subtask), were profoundly affected by the demographic variables. In addition to the main effects of the demographic variables, an Age Low Level of Education interaction was found for the Error III and the Stroop Interference scores. This suggests that executive function, as measured by the Stroop test, declines with age and that the decline is more pronounced in people with a low level of education. This is consistent with the reserve hypothesis of brain aging (i.e., that education generates reserve capacity against the damaging effects of aging on brain functions). Normative Stroop data were established using both a regression-based and traditional approach, and the appropriateness of both methods for generating normative data is discussed.
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“The interference score is calculated by subtracting average time necessary for completing the third task from the sum of time needed for first and second subtasks and is considered a reliable measure of executive functioning and cognitive flexibility [Van der Elst et al., 2006].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Van der Elst, W., Van Boxtel, M. P. J., Van Breukelen, G. J. P., & Jolles, J.
- Venue
- Assessment
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2006-03
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 62-79
- ISSN
- 1073-1911 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3489
- OpenAlex
- W1957460466
- Cited by
- 690
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 19.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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