The DOI matches its Crossref record; 92 of the 93 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 6 of the 42 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk
Open accessAbstract
To date, child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention has relied largely on child-focused education, teaching children how to identify, avoid, and disclose sexual abuse. The purpose of this article is to explore how prevention opportunities can include parents in new and innovative ways. We propose that parents can play a significant role as protectors of their children via two pathways: (i) directly, through the strong external barriers afforded by parent supervision, monitoring, and involvement; and (ii) indirectly, by promoting their children's self-efficacy, competence, well-being, and self-esteem, which the balance of evidence suggests will help them become less likely targets for abuse and more able to respond appropriately and disclose abuse if it occurs. In this article, we first describe why teaching young children about CSA protective behaviors might not be sufficient for prevention. We then narratively review the existing research on parents and prevention and the parenting and family circumstances that may increase a child's risk of experiencing sexual abuse. Finally, we make a number of recommendations for future approaches to prevention that may better inform and involve parents and other adult protectors in preventing CSA.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
18 Own interpretation · 10 No full text of the sources · 8 No basis given · 5 Partly supported · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Sources not found · 1 Supported so far · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“some children may experience fear, anxiety and confusion about touches after a prevention program”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Towards a Diversified Approach to CSA Prevention
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Topping & Barron, 2009 source
- Partly supportedcites Walsh et al., 2015 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Harm section reports that a small proportion of children experienced mild, short-term anxiety or fear after participating in a programme. It does not report confusion about touches, and the meta-analysis found no overall increase in anxiety or fear. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Zwi et al., 2008 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“research on health behavior modification suggests that behavior can change through increases in knowledge (Sanders et al., 2000;Wakefield et al., 2010).”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Parenting and Child Sexual Abuse 21
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Sanders et al., 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites Wakefield et al., 2010 source
In “Direct and indirect methods to affect behaviour change” (page unavailable), the review explains that campaign messages can affect decisions by conveying risks and benefits of a behaviour. In “Nutrition, activity, and prevention of heart disease” (page unavailable), it reports that nutritional information at the point of purchase increased the likelihood of healthy food choices. Together, these support the qualified claim that behaviour can change through increased knowledge. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“parents use a variety of protective practices (e.g., supervision, monitoring and involvement) to create the external barriers that may keep their children safe from CSA, of which direct discussions of abuse prevention in the home are only a small part.”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Parent-child discussion of CSA concepts as prevention.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Babatsikos & Miles, 2015 source
- Partly supportedcites Collins, 1996 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In “What Protective Strategies Do Parents Employ?” (p. 6), the paper describes supervision, relationships, questioning, and monitoring child care alongside abuse-prevention education. It does not establish that direct discussions were only a small part of parents’ practices: Table 2 (p. 6) lists education for 22 parents (92%), and the discussion on p. 7 says nearly all had talked with their children about safety. (LLM, conf=0.84)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“research suggests that such campaigns can enact behavior change (Sanders, Montgomery, & Brechman-Toussaint, 2000;Wakefield, Loken, & Hornik, 2010).”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Parenting and Child Sexual Abuse 21
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Sanders, Montgomery, & Brechman-Toussaint, 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites Wakefield, Loken, & Hornik, 2010 source
The Conclusions state that mass media campaigns can produce changes in health-related behaviour and that the accumulated evidence supports this conclusion. The citing sentence’s cautious wording is consistent with that finding. (LLM, conf=0.94)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Programs that focus on enhancing these parenting skills have been found to be efficacious for improving positive parent-child interactions, child well-being, and a range of other outcomes among families (e.g., Triple P-Positive Parenting Program (PPP) : Prinz, Sanders, Shapiro, Whitaker, & Lutzker, 2009. Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) : Chaffin et al., 2004. Circle of Security: Mercer, 20”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Recommendations and Implications
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Prinz, Sanders, Shapiro, Whitaker, & Lutzker, 2009 source
The Method section identifies Triple P as a program that teaches positive-parenting skills, including parent–child relationship enhancement. The paper also reports that evaluations of Triple P found positive effects on child behavior, parenting practices, and parents’ adjustment, supporting its use as an example of an efficacious parenting program. Page numbers are not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Chaffin et al., 2004 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Mercer, 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“teaching young children about CSA protective behaviors might not be sufficient for prevention.”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Abstract
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention has relied largely on child-focused education, teaching children how to identify, avoid and disclose sexual abuse.”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“directly, through the strong external barriers afforded by parent supervision, monitoring and involvement”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“and some success has been reported with CSA media campaigns (Chasan-Taber & Tabachnick, 1999;Rheingold et al., 2007).”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Parenting and Child Sexual Abuse 21
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The outcomes of these programs have not yet been directly linked with preventing CSA,”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Recommendations and Implications
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 17
- Probably not a substantial claim. 5
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Significantly, PPP and PCIT have both been shown to be effective in the reduction of physical abuse and neglect (Chaffin et al., 2004;Prinz et al., 2009),”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Recommendations and Implications
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Chaffin et al., 2004 source
- Partly supportedcites Prinz et al., 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (Population Outcomes; page unavailable) report that Triple P counties had significantly better outcomes than control counties on substantiated child maltreatment, out-of-home placements, and maltreatment injuries. The paper does not report separate reductions in physical abuse and neglect. PCIT is paired with a separate citation in the citing sentence, so its effectiveness is not attributed to Prinz et al. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“indirectly, by promoting their children's self-efficacy, competence, well-being and self-esteem”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“there are three limitations to this prevention approach: i) the effectiveness of information in helping children avoid abuse, ii) the capacity of children to understand and enact prevention strategies and iii) the unintended outcomes for children of CSA education.”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Towards a Diversified Approach to CSA Prevention
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Research on family demographic status, parenting practices, and offspring CSA exposure has identified certain contextual features and parents' behaviors (e.g., drug and alcohol abuse, parental absence, physical or mental ill health, criminality, divorce/separation, conflict and step-families) and parenting practices (e.g., low parental warmth, insecure attachment, communication difficulties, harsh”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Summary.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“which, due to the link between the incidence of sexual abuse and other forms of child maltreatment, suggests that these parenting programs may also result in a reduction in CSA.”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Recommendations and Implications
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Sexual abuse is linked to other forms of child maltreatment.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Due to what is known about risk factors, it can be inferred that parents who display improvements in parenting practices such as communication, involvement and monitoring may decrease their child's CSA risk, but this is yet to be directly demonstrated.”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Parenting and Child Sexual Abuse 21
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Despite some acknowledgement in the CSA prevention field that parental protection goes beyond parent-child discussion of sexual abuse, to include parenting styles and practices, this notion is not yet reflected in most prevention research or initiatives (Mendelson & Letourneau 2015;Smallbone et al., 2008;Wurtele, 2009).”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Recommendations and Implications
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most practitioners and researchers agree that the over-reliance on childfocused interventions to date has restricted the potential effectiveness of CSA prevention.”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“however, research into the effectiveness of this approach is lacking.”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Second, an extensive body of literature has identified parenting practices as central to child outcomes (see Mendelson & Letourneau, 2015) suggesting that involved, caring and communicative parenting, and strong familial relationships, can improve children's well-being and confidence, which may make them less likely targets for CSA (Elliot et al., 1995;Finkelhor, 1984).”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Recommendations and Implications
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Mendelson & Letourneau, 2015 source
- Not matchedcites Elliot et al., 1995
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Finkelhor, 1984
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With this in mind, working with parents in preventing CSA perpetrated by non-caregivers and assisting mothers to reduce the risks presented by non-biological care-givers, could assist in the prevention of a substantial majority of CSA incidents.”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > A caveat regarding parents as protectors.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although advocated from the inception of sexual abuse prevention, the involvement of parents has not been fully realized.”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Finkelhor (1984) identified four pre-conditions that must be present for CSA to occur.”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Opportunities for a Diversified Approach to Prevention
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Finkelhor (1984)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“However, CSA surviving mothers have been found to use more physical punishment and have low views of themselves as parents (Banyard, 1997) and experience certain parenting and relationship difficulties (Roberts et al., 2004) even when controlling for other adverse childhood experiences,”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Family characteristics and parenting experienced by CSA survivors.
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Education for young children about CSA and protective behaviors is based on the assumptions that children are able to: (a) identify the nuances of an abusive or exploitative encounter, touch, relationship, or situation; (b) psychologically counter the manipulations or threats of an abuser; (c) challenge the authority of an adult;”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“ii) indirectly, by promoting their child's competence, well-being and self-esteem which may make them less likely targets for abuse and more able to respond appropriately to abuse and disclose when it occurs.”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Summary.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“trust is a public good, a crucial ingredient in human social interaction and an essential basis for the development of tolerance, fairness and other-oriented care and acceptance”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Towards a Diversified Approach to CSA Prevention
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In a compelling study comparing four groups of mothers and their children (non-sexually abused mothers with non-sexually abused children, non-sexually abused mothers with sexually abused children, sexually abused mothers with non-sexually abused children and sexually abused mothers with sexually abused children), negative parenting practices were linked to CSA, but sexual abuse history per se did”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Family characteristics and parenting experienced by CSA survivors.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Leifer et al., 2004 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although certain familial features and parental circumstances are significant risk factors for CSA, parenting practices may be the most effective target of intervention efforts for several reasons.”
§ Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk > Recommendations and Implications
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The family and parenting factors associated with CSA risk are modifiable through parent-focused interventions.
“Knowledge of these risk factors can guide and inform the development of parent-focused CSA prevention education programs.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Sexual abuse is linked to other forms of child maltreatment.
“which, due to the link between the incidence of sexual abuse and other forms of child maltreatment, suggests that these parenting programs may also result in a reduction in CSA.”
Citations
Cites
Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach
Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2094589 · Cited by 8,856
Use of mass media campaigns to change health behaviour
Wakefield, M. A., Loken, B., & Hornik, R. C. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60809-4 · Cited by 2,485
Finkelhor, D., Hotaling, G., Lewis, I. A., & Smith, C. (1990) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(90)90077-7 · Cited by 1,754
Interpersonal trust, trustworthiness, and gullibility.
Rotter, J. B. (1980) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.35.1.1 · Cited by 1,694
A meta-analytic examination of assumed properties of child sexual abuse using college samples.
Rind, B., Tromovitch, P., & Bauserman, R. L. (1998) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.124.1.22 · Cited by 982
Brown, J. F., Cohen, P. R., Johnson, J. G., & Salzinger, S. (1998) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(98)00087-8 · Cited by 834
Population-Based Prevention of Child Maltreatment: The U.S. Triple P System Population Trial
Prinz, R. J., Sanders, M. R., Shapiro, C. J., Whitaker, D. J., & Lutzker, J. R. (2009) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-009-0123-3 · Cited by 833
Chaffin, M., Silovsky, J. F., Funderburk, B., Valle, L. A., Brestan, E. V., Balachova, T., Jackson, S., Lensgraf, J., & Bonner, B. L. (2004) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.3.500 · Cited by 771 · cited 2×
“Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT): Chaffin et al., 2004.”
BackgroundFERGUSSON, D. M., LYNSKEY, M. T., & HORWOOD, L. J. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199610000-00023 · Cited by 483
Child sexual abuse prevention: What offenders tell us
Elliott, M., Browne, K. O., & Kilcoyne, J. (1995) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(95)00017-3 · Cited by 452
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Erikson E. H., 1963, Childhood and society
- Prescott D., Plummer C., Davis G. (2010). Recognition, response, and resolution: Historical responses to rape and child molestation. In Kaufman K. L. (Ed.), The prevention of sexual violence: A practitioner’s sourcebook (pp. 1–18). Holyoke, MA: New England Adolescent Research Institute.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Parents as protectors: A qualitative study of parents’ views on child sexual abuse prevention
Rudolph, J., & Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J. (2018) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.08.016 · Cited by 84
Self-citationChild Sexual Abuse: The Need for a Perpetration Prevention Focus
Assini‐Meytin, L. C., Fix, R. L., & Letourneau, E. J. (2020) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2019.1703232 · Cited by 71
Overcrowded housing: One of a constellation of vulnerabilities for child sexual abuse
Cant, R. L., O’Donnell, M., Sims, S. A., & Harries, M. (2019) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.05.010 · Cited by 65
The problematization of child sexual abuse in policy and law: The Indonesian example
Wismayanti, Y. F., O’Leary, P., Tilbury, C., & Tjoe, Y. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105157 · Cited by 66
Parents as Teachers: Mothers’ Roles in Sexual Abuse Prevention Education in Gorgan, Iran
Khoori, E., Gholamfarkhani, S., Tatari, M., & Wurtele, S. K. (2020) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104695 · Cited by 47
Jin, Y., Chen, J., & Yu, B. (2019) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.11.029 · Cited by 41
Rudolph, J. I., van Berkel, S. R., Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J., Walsh, K., Straker, D., & Campbell, T. (2023) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380231156408 · Cited by 37
“…extent of parental involvement, the type and nature of interventions targeting parents, the outcomes measured, and the effectiveness of interventions has, to our knowledge, never been systematically reviewed (see Babatsikos, 2010; Rudolph et al., 2018; Wurtele & Kenny, 2010 for narrative reviews).”
BackgroundSelf-citationEducating children through their parents to prevent child sexual abuse in Turkey
Cırık, V. A., Efe, E., & Velipaşaoğlu, S. (2019) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/ppc.12461 · Cited by 37
Zhang, W., Ren, P., Yin, G., Li, H., & Jin, Y. (2020) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2019.1709240 · Cited by 35
“The most recent study also showed that only 50% of parents from the UK and Australia spoke to their children about sexual abuse specifics, and a minority talked about the identity of perpetrators (Rudolph et al., 2018b).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialParent-Focused Sexual Abuse Prevention: Results From a Cluster Randomized Trial
Guastaferro, K., Felt, J. M., Font, S. A., Connell, C. M., Miyamoto, S., Zadzora, K. M., & Noll, J. G. (2020) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559520963870 · Cited by 34
“Leading researchers suggest that parents, situated at the relational level of a comprehensive strategy, have a notable influence on youth behavior and are most proximal to and are most aware of their children’s environments (Mendelson & Letourneau, 2015; Rudolph et al., 2018).”
BackgroundA Parent-focused Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Program: Development, Acceptability, and Feasibility
Guastaferro, K., Zadzora, K. M., Reader, J. M., Shanley, J. R., & Noll, J. G. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01410-y · Cited by 33
“CSA, like other forms of maltreatment, is likely to occur under a confluence of individual and contextual factors such as parental substance use, parental mental illness, or poor parent-child relationships (Rudolph et al., 2018).”
BackgroundYusof, R. C., Norhayati, M. N., & Azman, M. Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.909254 · Cited by 31
“Educate young children on CSA is one approach in the intervention program with assumptions that children can (i) recognize the characteristics of an exploitative or abusive encounter, touch, engagement, or scenario; (ii) psychologically oppose an abuser’s threats or manipulations; (iii) defy the authority of an adult;…”
BackgroundRudolph, J., Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J., Shanley, D. C., Walsh, K., & Hawkins, R. (2018) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2018.1425946 · Cited by 35
Self-citationChild Sexual Abuse Prevention: Parental Discussion, Protective Practices and Attitudes
Rudolph, J. I., Walsh, K., Shanley, D. C., & Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J. (2022) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605211072258 · Cited by 29
Self-citationOwusu‐Addo, E., Owusu-Addo, S. B., Bennor, D. M., Mensah-Odum, N., Deliege, A., Bansal, A., Yoshikawa, M., & Odame, J. (2022) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105997 · Cited by 28
Parental Perspectives on Sexual Abuse Prevention: Barriers and Challenges
Livingston, J. A., Allen, K. P., Nickerson, A. B., & O’Hern, K. A. (2020) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-020-01796-0 · Cited by 27
Guastaferro, K., Shipe, S. L., Connell, C. M., Letourneau, E. J., & Noll, J. G. (2023) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605231158765 · Cited by 26
“prevention namely efforts engaging parents (Guastaferro et al., 2022; Mendelson & Letourneau, 2015; Rudolph et al., 2018), those designed for older children (Letourneau et al.”
BackgroundRayment‐McHugh, S., McKillop, N., Adams, D., Higgins, D. J., & Russell, D. H. (2024) · Child Abuse Review · doi:10.1002/car.2859 · Cited by 26
Malamsha, M. P., Sauli, E., & Luhanga, E. T. (2021) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/30350 · Cited by 22
“Studies have proposed that parents should create home environments where they are engaged and ready to respond to and openly discuss these kinds of topics [20-23].”
BackgroundRudolph, J. I., Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., & Walsh, K. (2022) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105680 · Cited by 19
Self-citationİkican, T. Ç., & Küçük, L. (2020) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/ppc.12615 · Cited by 19
“14 – 16 Families must be able to provide accurate information about sexuality to their children, take precautions against abuse, explain how to behave in situations suggestive of sexual abuse, and detail how and where to report it.”
Evaluation of a School-Based Child Physical and Sexual Abuse Prevention Program
Thompson, E. L., Zhou, Z., Garg, A., Rohr, D., Ajoku, B., & Spence, E. E. (2021) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198120988252 · Cited by 19
“…sexual abuse prevention programs known to hinder the onset of child sexual abuse perpetration, programs targeting parents as protectors and children’s behaviors associated with identifying, avoiding, and reporting comprise a multilevel approach to reducing child sexual abuse (Rudolph et al., 2018).”
Background“I Have to Watch Them Closely”: Native American Parenting Practice and Philosophies
McKinley, C. E., Lilly, J. M., Liddell, J. L., & Knipp, H. (2021) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-021-02116-w · Cited by 15
Scheer, J. R., Clark, K. A., Talan, A. J., Cabral, C., Pachankis, J. E., & Rendina, H. J. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105353 · Cited by 18
Wurtele, S. K. (2021) · Journal of Criminal Justice Education · doi:10.1080/10511253.2021.1892159 · Cited by 15
Baerecke, L., Ornellas, A., Wamoyi, J., Wambura, M., Klapwijk, J. M., Chetty, A. N., Simpson, A., Janowski, R., de Graaf, K., Stern, D., et al. (2024) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07893-x · Cited by 20
“However, parenting and positive parent–child relationships are important protective factors in reducing risks of child sexual violence through improving parental supervision and monitoring and promoting child self-efficacy and wellbeing [43, 44].”
Background(Re)Conceptualizing the role of guardianship in preventing child sexual abuse in the home
McKillop, N., Reynald, D. M., & Rayment‐McHugh, S. (2020) · Crime Prevention and Community Safety · doi:10.1057/s41300-020-00105-7 · Cited by 16
Sánchez, A. D. C., Fávero, M., & Sousa‐Gomes, V. (2022) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-022-00697-9 · Cited by 15
“Moreover, existing studies refer primarily to the concept of sexual abuse and types of abuse that can occur (Rudolph et al., 2018; Xie et al., 2016), overlooking other aspects of great importance such as the types of aggressors and strategies used, the veracity of disclosures, the effects on victims, attribution of bl…”
BackgroundEdwards, K. M., Herrington, R., Edwards, M., Banyard, V. L., Mullet, N. D., Hopfauf, S. L., Simon, B. R., & Waterman, E. A. (2022) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22860 · Cited by 13
The Current Preventing of Child Sexual Abuse: A Scoping Review
Solehati, T., Fikri, A. R., Kosasih, C. E., et al. (2022) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci11110508 · Cited by 13
Côté, P.-B., Flynn, C., Kim, D., Fernet, M., Maheu, J., Gosslin-Pelerin, A., Couturier, P., Cribb, M., Petrucci, G., & Cousineau, M.-M. (2022) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2022.2037804 · Cited by 11
“, 2020), some studies show the importance of working with parents to encourage the adoption of protective behaviors such as better supervision and communication, and the creation of safe and caring family spaces (Rudolph et al., 2018).”
BackgroundZero Tolerance of Children’s Sexual Abuse from Interreligious Dialogue
Pulido, C., Vidu, A., de Mello, R. R., et al. (2021) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel12070549 · Cited by 11
Smartphone Apps for Child Sexual Abuse Education: Gaps and Design Considerations
Kabir, M. A., Tasnim, R., Pritha, S. T., Amin, S., & Das, A. (2022) · International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation · doi:10.1504/ijmlo.2023.10049097 · Cited by 19
“…was devised that inquires about the most important features of a CSA education app such as parents involvement in education, using scenarios that children can relate to, including education about grooming, etc. Studies show that parent’s involvement in the CSA education programs is crucial [12].”
BackgroundGuggisberg, M., Botha, T., & Barr, J. (2021) · Journal of Family Studies · doi:10.1080/13229400.2021.2009366 · Cited by 10
Taking a School-Based Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Program to Scale: a Cost Analysis
Shipe, S. L., Guastaferro, K., Noll, J. G., Connell, C. M., Morgan, P. L., & Crowley, D. M. (2022) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-022-01401-4 · Cited by 11
Siti Nurbayani, K., Dede, M., & Malihah, E. (2022) · Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun · doi:10.26811/peuradeun.v10i1.657 · Cited by 9
“The victim community has a tendency not to enlarge the case, thus it passed over time and avoids stigmatization (Jahnke, 2015; Rudolph et al., 2018).”
BackgroundWodda, A. (2018) · Journal of Family Strengths · doi:10.58464/2168-670x.1384 · Cited by 10
Achieving Comprehensive Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect
Risser, H. J., Svevo-Cianci, K., Karim, E. J., & Morford, A. E. (2019) · International Journal on Child Maltreatment Research Policy and Practice · doi:10.1007/s42448-019-00024-7 · Cited by 9
Investigation of fathers' metaphors regarding child sexual abuse in Turkey: A metaphor study
Cırık, V. A., Aksoy, B., & Bulut, E. (2023) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2023.06.030 · Cited by 8
Bhagyalakshmi, K. C., & Aneesh Kumar, P. (2022) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22868 · Cited by 9
Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Program: Reference to the Indonesian Government
Aiffah, G. I., & Religia, W. A. (2020) · Jurnal PROMKES · doi:10.20473/jpk.v8.i2.2020.238-252 · Cited by 15
Çocuk Cinsel İstismarını Önleme Programlarında Ebeveyn Eğitimi
Kurtça, T. T. (2022) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.983264 · Cited by 9
Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children: An Update for the Forensic Nurse
Hornor, G., Quinones, S. G., Bretl, D., Courtney, A. B., Herendeen, P., Lewin, L. C., Loyke, J., Morris, K., Schapiro, N. A., & Williams, S. (2019) · Journal of Forensic Nursing · doi:10.1097/jfn.0000000000000243 · Cited by 8
Rudolph, J. I., Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J., Straker, D., Hambour, V. K., Hawes, T., & Swan, K. (2023) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2023.2222116 · Cited by 7
Self-citationWhite, C., Shanley, D. C., Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J., Walsh, K., Hawkins, R. M. F., & Lines, K. (2018) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559518816877 · Cited by 6
Self-citationCırık, V. A., Gül, U., & Aksoy, B. (2022) · Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences · doi:10.5336/nurses.2021-85187 · Cited by 7
Canosa, A., McPherson, L., Gatwiri, K., Rotumah, D., Modderman, C., & Chubb, J. (2025) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107633 · Cited by 6
Kamukama, A., Luwaga, R., Tugume, R., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269786 · Cited by 6
Examining the Awareness Levels of Parents on Child Sexual Abuse
Berkmen, B. (2022) · Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1177/09731342231156498 · Cited by 6
Scroger, M., Draper, R. S., & McQuillan, B. (2024) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106805 · Cited by 6
Guastaferro, K., Font, S. A., Miyamoto, S., Zadzora, K. M., Walters, K. E., O’Hara, K., Kemner, A. L., & Noll, J. G. (2021) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198121997731 · Cited by 6
“Given the paucity of evidence-based parent-focused CSA prevention programs (Mendelson & Letourneau, 2015; Rudolph et al., 2018), it is no surprise that there is a lack of information available about providers’ attitudes, beliefs, and self-efficacy of delivering a parent-focused CSA prevention…”
BackgroundCohen, N., & Katz, C. (2021) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380211016012 · Cited by 8
“Finally, none of the programs incorporated research showing that CSA can sometimes be experienced by the child as a source of warmth, love, comfort, and closeness (Rudolph et al., 2018).”
BackgroundShin, H., Lee, J. M., Kang, K.-A., & Kim, S.-J. (2019) · Child Health Nursing Research · doi:10.4094/chnr.2019.25.4.435 · Cited by 6
Helpingstine, C. E., Murphy, C. A., Bernier, J., Crane, K., & Klika, J. B. (2024) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2023.2300701 · Cited by 7
“…public and in the field that CSA is an adult issue, meaning that emphasis should be given to approaches and strategies that place responsibility on adults to create safe contexts for children instead of relying on children to protect themselves (Mendelson & Letourneau, 2015; Rudolph et al., 2018).”
Guastaferro, K., Abuchaibe, V., McCormick, K. V., et al. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0302982 · Cited by 5
Child Sexual Abuse in Nigeria: Exploring Vulnerability and Prevention from a Policing Perspective
Aborisade, R. A., Adeleke, O. A., Adegoke, N., Urowoli, C. E., Muyideen, O. F., Chineyemba, L. I., & Adedayo, S. (2023) · Journal of Social Service Research · doi:10.1080/01488376.2023.2236141 · Cited by 5
Fan, X., Liu, Y., Liu, Q., Zhao, X., Zhou, Y., & Liu, L. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.12.111 · Cited by 5
Can We Ask Everyone? Addressing Sexual Abuse in Primary Care
Chappell, K. K., Hein, L. C., & Andrews, J. O. (2021) · The Journal for Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2021.01.017 · Cited by 5
American Parents’ Perceptions of Child Explicit Image Sharing
Seto, M. C., Roche, K. M., Goharian, A., & Stroebel, M. (2022) · Journal of Online Trust and Safety · doi:10.54501/jots.v1i4.75 · Cited by 5
“Rudolph et al. (2018) found that about half of the parents in their sample talked to their children about child sexual abuse concerns.”
BackgroundGiang, T.-V., Le, D.-H., Nguyen, T.-H., Huynh, V.-S., & Nguyen-Thi, D.-M. (2021) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.55227.2 · Cited by 5
“, 2011); (2) studies on CSA prevention (Barron & Topping, 2013; Rudolph & Zimmer-Gembeck, 2018; Rudolph et al., 2018); and (3) studies on support, intervention and healing the SAT (Adams et al.”
BackgroundPratiwi, H., Ismail, M., Haida, R. N., et al. (2025) · Journal of Research in Childhood Education · doi:10.1080/02568543.2025.2539874 · Cited by 4
Cırık, V. A., & Karakurt, N. (2024) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107546 · Cited by 4
Exploring the Experiences of Muslim Early Childhood Educators in Teaching Sexuality Education
Pratiwi, H. P., Suyanto, S., & Yarliani, I. (2024) · Jurnal SMART (Studi Masyarakat Religi dan Tradisi) · doi:10.18784/smart.v10i1.2189 · Cited by 4
“The partnership between parents and educators plays a vital role in overcoming potential barriers in the realm of sexuality education (Rudolph et al. 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialExploring nursing students' awareness about child abuse and neglect
Alnaeem, M. M., Sabra, M. A. A., & Hamdan‐Mansour, A. M. (2025) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107430 · Cited by 5
Suswandari, S., Hanita, M., Aprian, M., et al. (2022) · Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora · doi:10.23887/jish.v11i1.39511 · Cited by 4
Moving school-based CSA prevention education online: Advantages and challenges of the “new normal”
Bright, M. A., Ortega, D. C., David Finkelhor, B., & Walsh, K. (2022) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105807 · Cited by 7
Analyzing the concept of sexual self-care in preschool children: A qualitative study
Kandi, Z. R. K., Azar, F. E. F., Farahani, F. K., Azadi, N. A., & Mansourian, M. (2023) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_551_22 · Cited by 5
“,[28] increasing sexual self‐protection focuses on the child’s ability to report abuse, which is in line with our findings.”
BackgroundResultAli, M. I. (2023) · Journal of Legal Studies · doi:10.2478/jles-2023-0004 · Cited by 4
Metode Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual pada Anak Berbasis Orang Tua: Systematic Review
Solehati, T., Kharisma, P. A., Nurasifa, M., et al. (2023) · Jurnal Obsesi Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini · doi:10.31004/obsesi.v7i4.5139 · Cited by 4
“Pencegahan KSA berfokus pada orang tua merupakan program pencegahan melibatkan parenting, sehingga dapat mengurangi terjadinya resiko KSA (Rudolph et al., 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialChild Sexual Abuse Prevention among a Sample of U.S. Parents
Steedman, L. A., & Jeglic, E. L. (2025) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-025-03036-9 · Cited by 3
Rojas, L. A. D. L. C., Flores, A. G., Vargas, M. D. C., et al. (2022) · Dilemas contemporáneos Educación Política y Valores · doi:10.46377/dilemas.v9i2.3151 · Cited by 3
Çocuk Cinsel İstismarını Önlemede Okul Temelli Cinsel İstismarı Önleme Programlarının Önemi
Kemer, D. Y., & İşler, A. (2021) · Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.22312/sdusbed.885476 · Cited by 3
“▪ Yabancılarla güvenli sınır oluşturması gerektiğini öğretilmesini sağlamaktır [9,18,22,30,31].”
Childhood hearing loss: An uncertain context for parenting
Greenhalgh, K. T., Mahler, N., Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J., & Shanley, D. C. (2022) · Deafness & Education International · doi:10.1080/14643154.2022.2125626 · Cited by 3
“, 2015) and child safety programmes (e.g. Dale et al., 2016; Rudolph et al., 2018) may be helpful in these domains.”
BackgroundSelf-citationMabetshe, N., Obioha, E. E., Mugari, I., et al. (2022) · Dignity A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence · doi:10.23860/dignity.2022.07.04.02 · Cited by 3
A Scoping Review of Programs to Prevent Child Sexual Abuse in Mainland China
Luan, H., Wan, G., Sun, X., & Niu, J. (2022) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380221137043 · Cited by 3
“Meanwhile, it is still debated in literature whether the increased knowledge and skills after prevention can transfer to increase the retention of protective behaviors over time and reduce the actual occurrence of CSA (Rudolph et al., 2018).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialParental engagement in child sexual abuse prevention education in Hong Kong
Xu, W., & Cheung, M. (2023) · Health Education Journal · doi:10.1177/00178969231159968 · Cited by 3
Astle, S. M., Spencer, C. M., & Palmer, M. (2023) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-023-00904-1 · Cited by 3
“First, we did not ask about what the conversations about SV topics that parents had with their children looked like (e.g., focused on strangers abducting the children compared SV perpetrated by peers; Rudolph et al., 2018a, b).”
Preventing Child Sexual Abuse in Iran: Mothers Teaching Body Safety to Their Sons
Hokmabadi, A., Khoori, E., Tatari, M., & Wurtele, S. K. (2022) · Payām-i naw. · doi:10.61186/jgbfnm.19.2.31 · Cited by 3
Teaching Self-Protection to Students With Disabilities
Hartwig, R., & McMullen, B. (2021) · Teaching Exceptional Children · doi:10.1177/00400599211038369 · Cited by 3
Knowledge, Attitudes, Self-Efficacy of Children About Prevention of Sexual Violence Against Children
Tisnawan, M. F., Suwarni, L., Selviana, S., Vidyastuti, V., & Lestari, W. (2021) · Jurnal Berkala Kesehatan · doi:10.20527/jbk.v7i2.11662 · Cited by 3
PARENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE SEXUAL EDUCATION OF THEIR CHILDREN
Ata, S. (2023) · Conhecimento & Diversidade · doi:10.18316/rcd.v15i38.11096 · Cited by 2
Sarman, A., & Tuncay, S. (2024) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.108084 · Cited by 2
Safe spaces for children: School sanitation and sexual violence
Gao, P., Kothari, A., & Lei, Y.-H. (2025) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.104952 · Cited by 2
Algamdi, M. M., Rezq, K. A., Al‐Moteri, M., Almegewly, W. H., Alanazi, J., Alanazi, S., Al-Otaibi, S. T., Alatawi, E., & Alanazi, J. (2025) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107634 · Cited by 2
Obiweluozor, P. N., Onyishi, C. N., & Okpoko, C. C. (2022) · Security Journal · doi:10.1057/s41284-022-00337-2 · Cited by 2
“Child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention should focus on prevention initiatives at different levels of the child’s ecology, including potential offenders and protectors (parents, educators, medical personnel, faith leaders, and community members (Rudolph et al. 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialChild sexual abuse ‒ issues and prevention
Dacka, M. (2022) · Psychologia Wychowawcza · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0015.9114 · Cited by 2
Assessment of Effectiveness of School-Based Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Programs: A Meta-Analysis
Türkkan, T., & Odacı, H. (2024) · Hacettepe University Journal of Education · doi:10.16986/huje.2024.514 · Cited by 2
Gülay, A., & Eratay, E. (2024) · Journal of Sexual Aggression · doi:10.1080/13552600.2024.2421184 · Cited by 2
“Research suggests that programmes designed to train parents in discussing sexual topics openly and accurately can significantly reduce the risk of sexual abuse and foster healthier attitudes towards sexuality among children with disabilities (Rudolph et al., 2017).”
Biefeld, S. D., Maas, M. K., & Brown, C. S. (2025) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/07435584251322688 · Cited by 2
Okova, D., Lukwa, A. T., & Alaba, O. A. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22060863 · Cited by 3
“Positive parenting is closely associated with healthy parental involvement and good communication that builds trust between parent and child and may promote disclosure [78].”
Sexual development: it’s not just for teens
Russell, A. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816024-4.00011-5 · Cited by 4
Beware of the menacing monsters around us: protecting Malaysian children from sexual abuse
Fernandez, J. A., Fernandez, J. A., & Jaladin, R. A. M. (2021) · British Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069885.2021.1938970 · Cited by 2
“…empathetic towards the child, listening intently to what the child is saying, recognising the child ’ s feelings, to avoid treating the child di ff erently than usual, and to seek further help from a mental health professional (Mathews & Collin-Vézina, 2016; Regehr, 1990; Rudolph et al., 2018).”
BackgroundIntegrative review addressing the effectiveness of child sexual abuse preventive interventions
Ferreira, E. R., Aznar-Blefari, C., Filho, S. R. P., & Zibetti, M. R. (2022) · Psicologia - Teoria e Prática · doi:10.5935/1980-6906/eptpcp13373.en · Cited by 2
“These programs are mainly based on psychoeducation and focused on children (Rudolph et al., 2017) with two main approaches: 1. teaching children and adolescents to prevent, recognize, and avoid abuse (Walsh et al., 2015); and 2. guiding adults (parents, teachers, professionals working with…”
Survivor Perspectives of Preventing Child Sexual Abuse: A Multi-level Approach
Winters, G. M., Colombino, N., Schaaf, S., Calkins, C., & Jeglic, E. L. (2023) · Victims & Offenders · doi:10.1080/15564886.2023.2174231 · Cited by 3
“…and efforts should include concrete strategies for parents to implement this knowledge into practice (e.g., identifying clear safety rules; improve openness and comfort with discussing CSA with their child; Babatsikos, 2010; Livingston et al., 2020; Rudolph et al., 2018; Xie et al., 2016).”
Kaçan, H. S., Gümüş, F., & Yıldız, E. (2023) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.1271623 · Cited by 2
Policy Direction: Focus on Prevention
Hinds, T. S., & Giardino, A. P. (2017) · SpringerBriefs in public health · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61103-7_4 · Cited by 2
Shumba, K., Heath, N. C., Heath, D., et al. (2023) · SOUTHERN AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT · doi:10.25159/2708-9355/12535 · Cited by 1
“These programmes should include translating the materials, using examples and role plays that are reflective of the dominant cultural mores, and hiring diverse staff to deliver them (Kenny and Wurtele 2013; Rudolph et al. 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialPsychological factors influencing child safety awareness: a study on abduction prevention education
Ampofo, J., Bentum-Micah, G., Li, Q., Changfeng, W., Guo-an, L., Sun, B., & Xusheng, Q. (2025) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1535260 · Cited by 1
Yesee, B. S., Luahambowo, L. I. F., Ola, D. D., et al. (2025) · Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA · doi:10.29303/jppipa.v11i8.11702 · Cited by 1
“Children's self-esteem and independence are essential so that children do not depend on or become attached to others (Burgess, 2014; Kenny et al., 2008; Rudolph et al., 2018).”
Punjani, N. S., Yan, W., Hartling, L. S., Hussain, A., Elgaweesh, F., & Scott, S. D. (2026) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/80968 · Cited by 3
“Their involvement is the most effective way to create a secure environment where children feel safe and protected [18].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Rudolph, J., Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Shanley, D. C., & Hawkins, R.
- Affiliations
- Griffith University (AU)
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
- James Cook University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Rudolph, Julia
- Venue
- Child Maltreatment
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2017-09-18
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 96-106
- ISSN
- 1077-5595 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6119
- OpenAlex
- W2755158923
- Semantic Scholar
- d08a0f44642e191eb3d6cd1404334440d2e4054e
- Cited by
- 154
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 9.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Child Maltreatment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Greenwich Academic Literature Archive (University of Greenwich) (acceptedVersion)
- ResearchOnline - JCU (James Cook University) (submittedVersion)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Research Council (LP13010030)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Military, Security, and Education Studies
- Keywords
- child sexual abuse prevention, parental involvement, parenting, child self-efficacy, child well-being, children's self-esteem, child disclosure, family situation, protective behavior
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child, Child Abuse, Child Abuse, Sexual, Education, Nonprofessional, Female, Health Education, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Parenting
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
