The Etiological Structure of Cognitive-Neurophysiological Impairments in ADHD in Adolescence and Young Adulthood
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Objective: Previous studies in children with ADHD identified two partially separable familial factors underlying cognitive dysfunction, but evidence in adolescents and adults is lacking. Here, we investigate the etiological structure of cognitive-neurophysiological impairments in ADHD in adolescents and young adults. Method: Factor analyses and multivariate familial models were run in 356 participants from ADHD and control sibling pairs aged 11 to 27 years on data on IQ, digit span forward (DSF) and backward (DSB), and cognitive-performance and event-related potential (ERP) measures from three cognitive tasks. Results: Three familial factors (cF 1-3 ), showing substantial familial overlap with ADHD, captured the familial covariation of ADHD with nine cognitive-ERP measures. cF 1 loaded on IQ, mean reaction time (MRT), and reaction-time variability (RTV); cF 2 on DSF and DSB; and cF 3 on number of errors and ERPs of inhibition and error processing. Conclusion: These results identify three partially separable etiological pathways leading to cognitive-neurophysiological impairments in adolescent and adult ADHD.
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Given the complexity and heterogeneity of neurodevelopmental disorders in terms of pathophysiology, it is highly unlikely that biomarker applications based on a single parameter will be meaningful in clinical practice.
“Arguably, given the complexity and heterogeneity of neurodevelopmental disorders in terms of pathophysiology, it is highly unlikely that biomarker applications based on a single parameter will be meaningful in clinical practice 44-47 .”
From Candidate diagnostic biomarkers for neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents: a systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as [47]
The Discussion (page not provided) describes multiple, partially distinct pathways underlying cognitive and brain-function impairments in adolescents and young adults with ADHD. It does not assess whether single-parameter biomarkers would be meaningful in clinical practice, and its findings about ADHD do not establish that conclusion for neurodevelopmental disorders generally. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Michelini, G., Cheung, C. H. M., Kitsune, V., Brandeis, D., Banaschewski, T., McLoughlin, G., Asherson, P., Rijsdijk, F., & Kuntsi, J.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Kuntsi, Jonna
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Attention Disorders
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2018-05-03
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 91-104
- ISSN
- 1087-0547 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1246
- PMC
- PMC7750664
- OpenAlex
- W2781758502
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 2.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Attention Disorders (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Sage Journals Data (cc-by)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council (G0300189, G9817803)
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH062873)
- Action Medical Research and the Peter Sowerby Charitable Foundation (GN1777)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, adolescents, young adults, cognitive impairment, event-related potentials, family factors, heritability, digit span, reaction time variability, inhibition, error processing, IQ, cognitive performance
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Cognition, Evoked Potentials, Humans, Reaction Time, Young Adult, Cognitive Dysfunction
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