Hypomanic Experience in Young Adults Confers Vulnerability to Intrusive Imagery After Experimental Trauma: Relevance for Bipolar Disorder
Open accessAbstract
Emotional mental imagery occurs across anxiety disorders, yet is neglected in bipolar disorder despite high anxiety comorbidity. Furthermore, a heightened susceptibility to developing intrusive mental images of stressful events in bipolar disorder and people vulnerable to it (with hypomanic experience) has been suggested. The current study assessed, prospectively, whether significant hypomanic experience (contrasting groups scoring high vs. low on the Mood Disorder Questionnaire, MDQ) places individuals at increased risk of visual reexperiencing after experimental stress. A total of 110 young adults watched a trauma film and recorded film-related intrusive images for 6 days. Compared to the low MDQ group, the high MDQ group experienced approximately twice as many intrusive images, substantiated by convergent measures. Findings suggest hypomanic experience is associated with developing more frequent intrusive imagery of a stressor. Because mental imagery powerfully affects emotion, such imagery may contribute to bipolar mood instability and offer a cognitive treatment target.
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- Authors
- Malik, A., Goodwin, G. M., Hoppitt, L., & Holmes, E. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Holmes, Emily A.
- Venue
- Clinical Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-04-08
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 675-684
- ISSN
- 2167-7026 (ISSN-L)
- 2167-7034
- PMC
- PMC4230964
- OpenAlex
- W2165742322
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 2.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Clinical Psychological Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (WT088217)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0513-10010, NF-SI-0510-10102)
- University of Oxford
- Medical Research Council (MC-A060-5PR50)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- hypomania, bipolar disorder, re-experiencing, experimental stress, trauma film, anxiety comorbidity, young adults, Mood Disorder Questionnaire, mood instability
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