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Cited by 192Liver physiology and pathologyOrgan Transplantation Techniques and OutcomesTissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Liver Regeneration after Hepatectomy and Partial Liver Transplantation

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Yagi, Shintaro, Hirata, Masaaki, Miyachi, Yosuke, Uemoto, Shinji·2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DOI 10.3390/ijms21218414PMC PMC7665117
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Abstract

The liver is a unique organ with an abundant regenerative capacity. Therefore, partial hepatectomy (PHx) or partial liver transplantation (PLTx) can be safely performed. Liver regeneration involves a complex network of numerous hepatotropic factors, cytokines, pathways, and transcriptional factors. Compared with liver regeneration after a viral- or drug-induced liver injury, that of post-PHx or -PLTx has several distinct features, such as hemodynamic changes in portal venous flow or pressure, tissue ischemia/hypoxia, and hemostasis/platelet activation. Although some of these changes also occur during liver regeneration after a viral- or drug-induced liver injury, they are more abrupt and drastic following PHx or PLTx, and can thus be the main trigger and driving force of liver regeneration. In this review, we first provide an overview of the molecular biology of liver regeneration post-PHx and -PLTx. Subsequently, we summarize some clinical conditions that negatively, or sometimes positively, interfere with liver regeneration after PHx or PLTx, such as marginal livers including aged or fatty liver and the influence of immunosuppression.

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  • Hypertrophy predominates after minor resections, while proliferation is dominant in larger resections.

    “noting that hypertrophy predominates after minor resections, while proliferation is dominant in larger resections.”

    From Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy: Triggers and mechanisms (2025) · cites this paper as [7]

    The Introduction (section 1; page not provided) reports that regeneration after 30% partial hepatectomy occurred solely through hypertrophy. For 70% hepatectomy, however, it says hypertrophy and subsequent proliferation contributed almost equally—not that proliferation was dominant. (LLM, conf=0.90)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In humans, complete liver mass recovery usually takes up to 3 months, although hepatocyte DNA synthesis reaches its peak between postoperative days 7 and 10.

    “In contrast, in humans, complete liver mass recovery usually takes up to 3 months, although hepatocyte DNA synthesis—measured by radiolabel uptake or Ki-67 staining—reaches its peak between postoperative days 7 and 10[7,17].”

    From Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy: Triggers and mechanisms (2025) · cites this paper as [7]

    The Introduction states that, in humans, liver mass is restored around three months after right or left hepatectomy and DNA synthesis peaks on postoperative days 7–10. It does not say that the human peak was measured by radiolabel uptake or Ki-67 staining, as the full citing sentence specifies. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In rodent models, liver mass is typically restored within 7-10 days after partial hepatectomy, with a peak in DNA synthesis occurring within the first 1-3 days.

    “In rodent models, experimental data show that liver mass is typically restored within 7-10 days after partial hepatectomy, with a peak in DNA synthesis occurring within the first 1-3 days.”

    From Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy: Triggers and mechanisms (2025) · cites this paper as [7]

  • Major resections lead to hyperplastic regeneration, driven by both hypertrophy and cell proliferation.

    “Major resections, by contrast, lead to hyperplastic regeneration, driven by both hypertrophy and cell proliferation[5,7].”

    From Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy: Triggers and mechanisms (2025) · cites this paper as [7]

  • Minor resections tend to induce hypertrophic regeneration, characterized by enlargement of existing hepatocytes.

    “Minor resections tend to induce hypertrophic regeneration, characterized by enlargement of existing hepatocytes.”

    From Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy: Triggers and mechanisms (2025) · cites this paper as [7]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Yagi, S., Hirata, M., Miyachi, Y., & Uemoto, S.
Affiliations
  • Kyoto University (JP)
  • Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreas and Transplant Surgery, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
Corresponding author
Yagi, Shintaro
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-11-09
Volume
21
Issue
21
Pages
8414
ISSN
1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ijms21218414
PMC
PMC7665117
OpenAlex
W3106312086
Cited by
192
References
13
Citations by year
2026: 27 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 13
FWCI
2.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (18H0458)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Keywords
liver regeneration, partial hepatectomy, partial liver transplantation, cytokines, transcription factors, portal hypertension, hemostasis, platelet activation, hepatic steatosis, immunosuppression
MeSH terms
Animals, Fatty Liver, Hepatectomy, Humans, Liver, Liver Regeneration, Liver Transplantation

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