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Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system
Open accessAbstract
Background: Dab2, one of two mammalian orthologs of Drosophila Disabled, has been shown to be involved in cell positioning and formation of visceral endoderm during mouse embryogenesis, but its role in neuronal development is not yet fully understood. In this report, we have examined the localization of the Dab2 protein in the mouse embryonic central nervous system (CNS) at different developmental stages. Results: Dab2 protein was transiently expressed in rhombomeres 5 and 6 of the developing hindbrain between E8.5 and E11.5, and in the floor plate of the neural tube from E9.5 to E12.5, following which it was no longer detectable within these regions. Dab2 protein was also identified within circumventricular organs including the choroid plexus, subcommissural organ and pineal gland during their early development. While Dab2 was still strongly expressed in the adult choroid plexus, immunoreactivity within the subcommissural organ and pineal gland was lost after birth. In addition, Dab2 was transiently expressed within a subpopulation of Iba1-positive mononuclear phagocytes (including presumed microglial progenitors) within the neural tube from E10.0 and was lost by E14.5. Dab2 was separately localized to Iba1 positive cells from E9.5 and subsequently to F4/80 positive cells (mature macrophage/myeloid-derived dendritic cells) positioned outside the neural tube from E12.5 onwards, implicating Dab2 expression in early cells of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage. Dab2 did not co-localize with the pan-neuronal marker PGP9.5 at any developmental stage, suggesting that Dab2 positive cells in the developing CNS are unlikely to be differentiating neurons. Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate the dynamic spatiotemporal expression of Dab2 protein within the CNS during development.
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TL;DR
This study maps Dab2 protein expression in the developing mouse central nervous system and shows that it is dynamically and transiently expressed in non-neuronal cells, including hindbrain rhombomeres, floor plate, circumventricular organs, and mononuclear phagocytes. It is the first detailed report of spatiotemporal Dab2 expression during mammalian CNS development.
Key findings
- Dab2 was transiently expressed in rhombomeres 5 and 6 of the developing hindbrain between E8.5 and E11.5, and in the neural tube floor plate from E9.5 to E12.5; expression was no longer detectable in these regions afterward.
- Dab2 was detected in developing circumventricular organs—choroid plexus, subcommissural organ, and pineal gland—but while it remained strongly expressed in the adult choroid plexus, immunoreactivity was lost in the subcommissural organ and pineal gland after birth.
- Dab2 was transiently expressed in a subpopulation of Iba1-positive mononuclear phagocytes within the neural tube from E10.0 and was lost by E14.5; outside the neural tube, Dab2 localized to Iba1-positive cells from E9.5 and to F4/80-positive cells from E12.5 onward.
- Dab2 did not co-localize with the pan-neuronal marker PGP9.5 at any developmental stage, suggesting Dab2-positive cells in the developing CNS are unlikely to be differentiating neurons.
Methods
- Random-bred ICR mice were used; embryos from E7.5 to E18.0 were collected, with at least 5–10 embryos analyzed per developmental stage.
- Dab2 protein localization was examined by immunohistochemistry on 7-μm wax sections using a monoclonal anti-p96/Dab2 antibody, with standard ABC/DAB detection and pre-adsorption or primary-antibody replacement controls; whole-mount immunohistochemistry was also performed.
- Double immunofluorescence staining used antibodies against Dab2, Iba1, F4/80, and PGP9.5, with confocal microscopy for co-localization analysis.
Limitations
- Stated by the authors: in the developing pineal gland, they could not rule out that interstitial cells, in addition to pinealocytes, express Dab2; the functional significance of transient Dab2 expression in the pineal gland remains to be investigated.
- Evident from the text: the study is descriptive localization without functional perturbation or lineage tracing, so roles in CNS and myeloid development are largely inferred.
- Evident from the text: the anti-p96/Dab2 antibody recognizes an N-terminal epitope shared by the three known Dab2 isoforms p96, p93, and p67, so the study cannot distinguish which isoform(s) are expressed in the reported sites.
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60 Own result · 20 Own interpretation · 19 No full text of the sources · 6 Not checked yet · 2 Partly supported · 2 Own method · 2 No basis given · 1 Supported so far · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
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In the paper
“Scattered cells strongly positive for Dab2 were also detected within mesenchymal tissues outside the neural tube from E9.5 (Fig 3M), about half a day earlier than Iba1+/Dab2+ cells inside the neural tube.”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Results > Dab2 immunoreactivity in developing mononuclear phagocytes (fetal macrophages and microglial progenitors)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Scattered but strongly Dab2-immunoreactive cells were detected within the neuroepithelium at E10.0 – E10.5 (Fig 3A).”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Results > Dab2 immunoreactivity in developing mononuclear phagocytes (fetal macrophages and microglial progenitors)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Dab2 immunoreactivity was detected in another developing circumventricular organ, the subcommissural organ (SCO).”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Double labeling with the Iba1 antibody (Fig 3A'), a mononuclear phagocyte marker expressed on cells of the macrophage and microglial cell lineages [33-35], showed that the Dab2 protein was co-expressed with Iba1 protein (Fig 3A”).”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Results > Dab2 immunoreactivity in developing mononuclear phagocytes (fetal macrophages and microglial progenitors)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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In the paper
“Dab2 immunoreactivity was first observed in the neuroepithelium of the prospective hindbrain region at E8.5 (8–10 somites stage) (Fig 1A, A'). The expression was observed as a small positive band near the caudal margin of the closing anterior neuropore, corresponding to the position of rhombomeres 5 and 6 (Fig 1A, A').”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Results > Dab2 immunoreactivity in the floor plate and rhombomeres
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The choroid plexus of the third ventricle, which developed slightly later, was also positive for Dab2 (data not shown).”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Results > Dab2 immunoreactivity in the developing choroid plexus
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“The endothelial lining of the brain microvasculature also expressed Dab2 from E11.5 onwards (Fig 3E, F, I).”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Results > Dab2 immunoreactivity in developing mononuclear phagocytes (fetal macrophages and microglial progenitors)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We found that Dab2 is also prominently expressed in microvilli on the luminal surface of the embryonic choroid epithelium”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Dab2 did not co-localize with the pan-neuronal marker PGP9.5 at any developmental stage, suggesting that Dab2 positive cells in the developing CNS are unlikely to be differentiating neurons.”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: PGP9.5 is a pan-neuronal marker.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Weak Dab2 immunoreactivity was also detected in the caudal part of the notochord (Fig 1I').”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Results > Dab2 immunoreactivity in the floor plate and rhombomeres
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 15
- It may state two separate claims as one. 35
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“It has already been demonstrated that the Dab1 protein is important in regulating the positioning of migrating neurons during mammalian neurogenesis [29-31].”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Background
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [29] Howell BW, Hawkes R, Soriano P, Cooper JA: Neuronal position in the developing brain is regulated by mouse disabled-1. Nature. 1997, 389 (6652): 733-737. 10.1038/39607. source
- Supportedcites [30] Sanada K, Gupta A, Tsai LH: Disabled-1-regulated adhesion of migrating neurons to radial glial fiber contributes to neuronal positioning during early corticogenesis. Neuron. 2004, 42 (2): 197-211. 10.1016/S0896-6273(04)00222-3. source
The paper states that Dab1 is important for precise neuronal positioning and laminar formation during early corticogenesis. It also reports that introducing wild-type Dab1 into mutant cortical neurons rescues their positional defect (Figure 6C). (LLM, conf=0.92)
- Supportedcites [31] Olson EC, Kim S, Walsh CA: Impaired neuronal positioning and dendritogenesis in the neocortex after cell-autonomous Dab1 suppression. J Neurosci. 2006, 26 (6): 1767-1775. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3000-05.2006. source
The Introduction reports that suppressing Dab1 in migrating cortical neurons left them malpositioned and suggests that Dab1-dependent development is essential for cell positioning. The Discussion likewise identifies the final stage of migration through the upper cortex as a Dab1-dependent event. These passages support the claim about Dab1’s role in positioning migrating neurons. (LLM, conf=0.93)
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Megalin mediates the transport of apolipoprotein J, Alzheimer's amyloid-beta peptide, leptin, insulin-like growth factor-I”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [45] Dietrich MO, Spuch C, Antequera D, Rodal I, de Yebenes JG, Molina JA, Bermejo F, Carro E: Megalin mediates the transport of leptin across the blood-CSF barrier. Neurobiol Aging. 2007 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [46] Chun JT, Wang L, Pasinetti GM, Finch CE, Zlokovic BV: Glycoprotein 330/megalin (LRP-2) has low prevalence as mRNA and protein in brain microvessels and choroid plexus. Exp Neurol. 1999, 157 (1): 194-201. 10.1006/exnr.1999.7052. source
- Partly supportedcites [47] Carro E, Spuch C, Trejo JL, Antequera D, Torres-Aleman I: Choroid plexus megalin is involved in neuroprotection by serum insulin-like growth factor I. J Neurosci. 2005, 25 (47): 10884-10893. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2909-05.2005. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results section reports megalin-dependent transport of amyloid-beta across rat choroid plexus cells and IGF-I into the CSF. The Introduction describes megalin's role in amyloid-beta clearance, and the References name prior work on transport of apolipoprotein J, alone and with amyloid-beta. Our copy does not address leptin transport (searched: leptin), so that part of the list is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Dab2, one of two mammalian orthologs of Drosophila Disabled, has been shown to be involved in cell positioning and formation of visceral endoderm during mouse embryogenesis, but its role in neuronal development is not yet fully understood.”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Abstract > Background
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [19] Morris SM, Tallquist MD, Rock CO, Cooper JA: Dual roles for the Dab2 adaptor protein in embryonic development and kidney transport. Embo J. 2002, 21 (7): 1555-1564. 10.1093/emboj/21.7.1555. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page unavailable) says Dab2 is required for normal embryonic visceral endoderm development, supporting its involvement during mouse embryogenesis. But the Targeting of the Dab2 locus section (page unavailable) reports that Dab2-null embryos still form a visceral endoderm layer with differentiated epithelial cells. It describes disorganized embryonic ectoderm cells, but does not establish a role for Dab2 in visceral endoderm cell positioning or its initial formation. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [23] Morrisey EE, Musco S, Chen MY, Lu MM, Leiden JM, Parmacek MS: The gene encoding the mitogen-responsive phosphoprotein Dab2 is differentially regulated by GATA-6 and GATA-4 in the visceral endoderm. J Biol Chem. 2000, 275 (26): 19949-19954. 10.1074/jbc.M001331200. source
- Supportedcites [24] Yang DH, Smith ER, Roland IH, Sheng Z, He J, Martin WD, Hamilton TC, Lambeth JD, Xu XX: Disabled-2 is essential for endodermal cell positioning and structure formation during mouse embryogenesis. Dev Biol. 2002, 251 (1): 27-44. 10.1006/dbio.2002.0810. source
The Discussion (page unavailable) says Dab2 mediates endoderm-cell positioning and that loss of Dab2 leads to failure of visceral endoderm formation. It describes formation of the organized visceral endoderm structure, not the initial production of endoderm cells. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“From E14.5 onwards, however, scattered Iba1+/Dab2+ cells were no longer detected within the neural tube, leaving only Iba1+/Dab2- cells (presumed to represent parenchymal microglial progenitors) within the neural tube (Fig 3H, H', H”).”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Results > Dab2 immunoreactivity in developing mononuclear phagocytes (fetal macrophages and microglial progenitors)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The macrophage differentiation marker, F4/80 antigen, began to be expressed weakly in these fetal macrophages located outside the neural tube at E12.5 and became prominent from E14.5 onwards.”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Results > Dab2 immunoreactivity in developing mononuclear phagocytes (fetal macrophages and microglial progenitors)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: F4/80 antigen is a macrophage differentiation marker.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the neuroepithelium adjacent to the choroid plexus was clearly negative and a distinct boundary between the immunoreactive choroid plexus and the adjacent neuroepithelium which lacked staining, was easily discernible (Fig 2B–D).”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Results > Dab2 immunoreactivity in the developing choroid plexus
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While Dab2 was still strongly expressed in the adult choroid plexus, immunoreactivity within the subcommissural organ and pineal gland was lost after birth.”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Abstract > Results
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although all Dab2-positive cells showed Iba1 immunoreactivity, cells that were Iba1 positive but Dab2 negative (Iba1+/Dab2-) were also observed (Fig 3C).”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Results > Dab2 immunoreactivity in developing mononuclear phagocytes (fetal macrophages and microglial progenitors)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At E9.0 and E9.5, the neuroepithelium of rhombomere 6 was strongly Dab2 positive in its entire extent (Fig 1B, C, C', E, F), whereas only the ventral part of rhombomere 5 showed immunoreactivity (Fig 1F, G, G”).”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Results > Dab2 immunoreactivity in the floor plate and rhombomeres
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the adult, however, Dab2 immunoreactivity persisted only in perivascular macrophages (also widely referred to as 'perivascular cells') associated with cerebral blood vessels, but was absent from the endothelial lining of these vessels (Fig 3J).”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Results > Dab2 immunoreactivity in developing mononuclear phagocytes (fetal macrophages and microglial progenitors)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast to the transient, developmentally-restricted expression of Dab2 protein associated with mononuclear cells (microglial progenitors) located inside the neural tube, Dab2 protein continued to be persistently expressed in macrophages throughout the body into adulthood (data not shown).”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Results > Dab2 immunoreactivity in developing mononuclear phagocytes (fetal macrophages and microglial progenitors)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Dab2 expression was persistently detected in the SCO during prenatal development but was not found in the adult (Fig 2L).”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Results > Dab2 immunoreactivity within the developing subcommissural organ and pineal gland
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The presumptive subcommissural organ develops from the region of the roof plate of the diencephalon just anterior to the mesencephalon.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These cells were not uniform in shape but were either oval with small processes, or flat and elongated in shape (Fig 3J), as has been previously described [36,37].”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Results > Dab2 immunoreactivity in developing mononuclear phagocytes (fetal macrophages and microglial progenitors)
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [36] Rezaie P, Male D: Microglia in the fetal and adult human brain can be distinguished from other mononuclear phagocytes through their lack of CD163 expression. Neuroembryology. 2003, 3: 130-133. 10.1159/000074192. source
- Not checked yetcites [37] Rezaie P: Microglia, from origins to differentiation, distribution and dynamics within the mammalian central nervous system. Trends in Glial Research - Basic and Applied. Edited by: Dheen ST, Ling EA. 2007, India , Research Signpost, 1-41.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Unlike embryonic CNS, where cells closely apposed to the microvasculature expressed both Iba1 and Dab2 protein, Dab2 positive perivascular cells in the adult brain did not appear to co-express Iba1 protein (Fig 3J–K).”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Results > Dab2 immunoreactivity in developing mononuclear phagocytes (fetal macrophages and microglial progenitors)
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By E10.5, the Dab2 protein expression was significantly down-regulated in these rhombomeres (Fig 1H) and became undetectable by E11.5.”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Results > Dab2 immunoreactivity in the floor plate and rhombomeres
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and in the floor plate of the neural tube from E9.5 to E12.5, following which it was no longer detectable within these regions.”
- Also stated in: § Dab2 immunoreactivity in the floor plate and rhombomeres · plain
“Dab2 immunoreactivity in the floor plate became undetectable by E12.5 (Fig 1M).”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Dab2 immunoreactivity in the floor plate and rhombomeres · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Dab2 was separately localized to Iba1 positive cells from E9.5 and subsequently to F4/80 positive cells (mature macrophage/myeloid-derived dendritic cells) positioned outside the neural tube from E12.5 onwards, implicating Dab2 expression in early cells of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage.”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The pineal gland additionally showed Dab2 immunoreactivity at E16.5 (Fig 2N) but Dab2 was not detectable in the adult pineal gland (data not shown).”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Results > Dab2 immunoreactivity within the developing subcommissural organ and pineal gland
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although Dab2 was not expressed in adult microglia, it was expressed in another mononuclear phagocytic cell type in the CNS, namely perivascular macrophages which co-expressed F4/80 antigen.”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We have clearly shown that Dab2 is expressed at early developmental stages in mononuclear phagocytes (Iba1+/Dab2+ cells) both outside the developing neural tube (from E9.5 onwards) and transiently within the neural tube (from E10.5 – E14.5).”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Discussion
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Dab2 protein is dynamically expressed in various regions of the developing CNS, primarily restricted to non-neuronal cells including within circumventricular organs, in secretory cells, immature neuroepithelial cells, endothelial cells and in populations of mononuclear phagocytes (including fetal and perivascular macrophages), but lacking in neurons, neuroglial cells and in mature microglia.”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“our current findings showing an increased and persistent expression of Dab2 in developing and adult macrophages compared to the lack of Dab2 in adult microglia”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Dab2 expression in the developing pineal gland was not detected at or before E14.5 but became distinct by E16.5”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The lack of Dab2 protein expression in microglia (Iba1+/Dab2-) which persists throughout development (E12.5-14.5 onwards in this study), in adult CNS microglia at rest (this study), and even under traumatic injury [57]”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [57] Moon C, Lee J, Ahn M, Shin T: Involvement of Disabled-2 protein in the central nervous system inflammation following experimental cryoinjury of rat brains. Neurosci Lett. 2005, 378 (2): 88-91. 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.12.016. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the absence of Dab2, the protein levels of megalin are reduced and the subcellular localization of megalin is altered [48].”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [48] Nagai J, Christensen EI, Morris SM, Willnow TE, Cooper JA, Nielsen R: Mutually dependent localization of megalin and Dab2 in the renal proximal tubule. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2005, 289 (3): F569-76. 10.1152/ajprenal.00292.2004. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“strongly suggesting that Dab2 is an important molecule during mammalian CNS and myeloid cell development.”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Discussion
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: A protein's expression pattern in specific cell types and developmental stages indicates its functional importance.
In the paper
“Despite the functional similarity of Dab1 and Dab2 proteins in cell positioning during development, it is not known whether Dab2 also play key roles during the development of the embryonic central nervous system (CNS), although it has recently been shown that Dab2 inhibits NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth in vitro [32].”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Background
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [32] Huang CH, Cheng JC, Chen JC, Tseng CP: Evaluation of the role of Disabled-2 in nerve growth factor-mediated neurite outgrowth and cellular signalling. Cell Signal. 2007, 19 (6): 1339-1347. 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.01.019. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The presumptive subcommissural organ (SCO) develops from the region of the roof plate of the diencephalon just anterior to the mesencephalon (Fig 2H, H').”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Results > Dab2 immunoreactivity within the developing subcommissural organ and pineal gland
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The presumptive subcommissural organ develops from the region of the roof plate of the diencephalon just anterior to the mesencephalon.
In the paper
“Dab2 protein expression appears to overlap with the region expressing shh mRNA in the floor plate and notochord at E9.5 but not the regions showing Shh protein [43].”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [43] Marti E, Takada R, Bumcrot DA, Sasaki H, McMahon AP: Distribution of Sonic hedgehog peptides in the developing chick and mouse embryo. Development. 1995, 121 (8): 2537-2547. source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“also regulates macromolecule transport from the cerebral microvessels and choroid plexus to cerebral ventricles, thereby maintaining homeostasis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as exerting neuroprotective action [45-47]”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [45] Dietrich MO, Spuch C, Antequera D, Rodal I, de Yebenes JG, Molina JA, Bermejo F, Carro E: Megalin mediates the transport of leptin across the blood-CSF barrier. Neurobiol Aging. 2007 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [46] Chun JT, Wang L, Pasinetti GM, Finch CE, Zlokovic BV: Glycoprotein 330/megalin (LRP-2) has low prevalence as mRNA and protein in brain microvessels and choroid plexus. Exp Neurol. 1999, 157 (1): 194-201. 10.1006/exnr.1999.7052. source
- Not checked yetcites [47] Carro E, Spuch C, Trejo JL, Antequera D, Torres-Aleman I: Choroid plexus megalin is involved in neuroprotection by serum insulin-like growth factor I. J Neurosci. 2005, 25 (47): 10884-10893. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2909-05.2005. source
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the early hindbrain at E8.0 Hoxa1 is expressed in r4-6 and gradually restricted to r4 at E8.5 [38].”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [38] Barrow JR, Stadler HS, Capecchi MR: Roles of Hoxa1 and Hoxa2 in patterning the early hindbrain of the mouse. Development. 2000, 127 (5): 933-944. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whether the expression of Dab2 is regulated in a developmental fashion has not been determined previously.”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Background
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Subsequent studies indicated Dab2 as one of two mammalian orthologs of the Drosophila Disabled (dDab) [8-11], a family member of the Disabled proteins involved in neurogenesis, oncogenesis, cellular signaling and embryonic development.”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Background
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Gertler FB, Bennett RL, Clark MJ, Hoffmann FM: Drosophila abl tyrosine kinase in embryonic CNS axons: a role in axonogenesis is revealed through dosage-sensitive interactions with disabled. Cell. 1989, 58 (1): 103-113. 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90407-8. source
- Not checked yetcites [9] Gertler FB, Hill KK, Clark MJ, Hoffmann FM: Dosage-sensitive modifiers of Drosophila abl tyrosine kinase function: prospero, a regulator of axonal outgrowth, and disabled, a novel tyrosine kinase substrate. Genes Dev. 1993, 7 (3): 441-453. 10.1101/gad.7.3.441. source
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Hoffmann FM: Drosophila abl and genetic redundancy in signal transduction. Trends Genet. 1991, 7 (11-12): 351-355. 10.1016/0168-9525(91)90254-F. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] Sheng Z, Smith ER, He J, Tuppen JA, Martin WD, Dong FB, Xu XX: Chromosomal location of murine disabled-2 gene and structural comparison with its human ortholog. Gene. 2001, 268 (1-2): 31-39. 10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00401-2. source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The choroid plexus starts to secrete CSF very early during development [49]”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [49] Dziegielewska KM, Ek J, Habgood MD, Saunders NR: Development of the choroid plexus. Microsc Res Tech. 2001, 52 (1): 5-20. 10.1002/1097-0029(20010101)52:1<5::AID-JEMT3>3.0.CO;2-J. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“although it has recently been shown that Dab2 inhibits NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth in vitro [32].”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Background
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [32] Huang CH, Cheng JC, Chen JC, Tseng CP: Evaluation of the role of Disabled-2 in nerve growth factor-mediated neurite outgrowth and cellular signalling. Cell Signal. 2007, 19 (6): 1339-1347. 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.01.019. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Dab2 is further implicated in myeloid cell differentiation and macrophage development.”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Conclusion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Both of these transcription factors bind to the Dab2 promoter, but whereas ICSBP represses Dab2 promoter transactivation, PU.1 induces it [52].”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [52] Rosenbauer F, Kallies A, Scheller M, Knobeloch KP, Rock CO, Schwieger M, Stocking C, Horak I: Disabled-2 is transcriptionally regulated by ICSBP and augments macrophage spreading and adhesion. Embo J. 2002, 21 (3): 211-220. 10.1093/emboj/21.3.211. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“these results allude to differences in myeloid cell differentiation (and/or commitment) between macrophages and microglial cells [35]”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [35] Chan WY, Kohsaka S, Rezaie P: The origin and cell lineage of microglia: new concepts. Brain Res Rev. 2007, 53 (2): 344-354. 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2006.11.002. source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“and the Ets transcription factor PU.1, are haematopoietic-restricted transcription factors critical for the development of haematopoietic cells [52].”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [52] Rosenbauer F, Kallies A, Scheller M, Knobeloch KP, Rock CO, Schwieger M, Stocking C, Horak I: Disabled-2 is transcriptionally regulated by ICSBP and augments macrophage spreading and adhesion. Embo J. 2002, 21 (3): 211-220. 10.1093/emboj/21.3.211. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the stage at which pinealocytes undergo rapid proliferation in rodents [51]”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [51] Calvo JL, Boya J, Carbonell AL, Garcia-Maurino JE: Time of origin of the rat pineal gland cells. A bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemical study. Histol Histopathol. 2004, 19 (1): 137-142.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The SCO develops very early during embryogenesis, representing one of the first secretory brain structures to differentiate [50].”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [50] Rodriguez EM, Rodriguez S, Hein S: The subcommissural organ. Microsc Res Tech. 1998, 41 (2): 98-123. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19980415)41:2<98::AID-JEMT2>3.0.CO;2-M. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“PU.1 is an essential factor required for myeloid cell differentiation [35].”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [35] Chan WY, Kohsaka S, Rezaie P: The origin and cell lineage of microglia: new concepts. Brain Res Rev. 2007, 53 (2): 344-354. 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2006.11.002. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a phenomenon that may possibly be related to the morphogenesis of SCO”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“in response to CNS injury [57] where Dab2 expression is primarily located to macrophages accumulating at the site of injury, but absent from neurons, neuroglia and microglia.”
§ Dynamic expression of Dab2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [57] Moon C, Lee J, Ahn M, Shin T: Involvement of Disabled-2 protein in the central nervous system inflammation following experimental cryoinjury of rat brains. Neurosci Lett. 2005, 378 (2): 88-91. 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.12.016. source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The presumptive subcommissural organ develops from the region of the roof plate of the diencephalon just anterior to the mesencephalon.
“The presumptive subcommissural organ (SCO) develops from the region of the roof plate of the diencephalon just anterior to the mesencephalon (Fig 2H, H').”
The paper relies on this without support.
PGP9.5 is a pan-neuronal marker.
“Double immunofluorescent labeling of Dab2 and PGP9.5, a pan-neuronal marker, was performed in order to determine whether Dab2 was expressed in neurons or nerve fibers that were closely associated with the SCO.”
The paper relies on this without support.
F4/80 antigen is a macrophage differentiation marker.
“The macrophage differentiation marker, F4/80 antigen, began to be expressed weakly in these fetal macrophages located outside the neural tube at E12.5 and became prominent from E14.5 onwards.”
The paper relies on this without support.
A protein's expression pattern in specific cell types and developmental stages indicates its functional importance.
“Dynamic expression of Dab2 protein was detected in the neuroepithelium, blood vessels, circumventricular organs and mononuclear phagocytes (fetal macrophages, microglial progenitors), strongly suggesting that Dab2 is an important molecule during mammalian CNS and myeloid cell development.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The very early ontogenetic differentiation of SCO secretory cells is crucial for the smooth circulation of CSF secreted from the choroid plexus during early development.
“The very early ontogenetic differentiation of SCO secretory cells is crucial for the smooth circulation of CSF secreted from the choroid plexus during early development.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Copulation occurred around midnight, so that noon of the plug day can be designated as embryonic day 0.5 (E0.5).
“The noon of the plug day was designated as embryonic day 0.5 (E0.5) assuming that copulation occurred around midnight.”
Citations
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Microglia-specific localisation of a novel calcium binding protein, Iba1
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Neuronal position in the developing brain is regulated by mouse disabled-1
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The origin and cell lineage of microglia: new concepts
Chan, W. Y., Kohsaka, S., & Rezaie, P. (2007) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2006.11.002 · Cited by 400 · cited 20×
“Therefore in this investigation our primary aim was to characterize the spatiotemporal patterns of expression and the cellular localization of Dab2 protein within the embryonic murine CNS as an initial step towards further understanding the developmental roles of Dab2.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationThe formation of mesodermal tissues in the mouse embryo during gastrulation and early organogenesis
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The cellular basis of segmentation in the developing hindbrain
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Distribution of Sonic hedgehog peptides in the developing chick and mouse embryo
Martí, E., Takada, R., Bumcrot, D. A., Sasaki, H., & McMahon, A. P. (1995) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.121.8.2537 · Cited by 336
Development of the choroid plexus
Dzięgielewska, K. M., Ek, C. J., Habgood, M. D., & Saunders, N. R. (2000) · Microscopy Research and Technique · doi:10.1002/1097-0029(20010101)52:1 · Cited by 245
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Single-cell profiling of the developing mouse brain and spinal cord with split-pool barcoding
Rosenberg, A. B., Roco, C. M., Muscat, R. A., Kuchina, A., Sample, P., Yao, Z., Graybuck, L. T., Peeler, D. J., Mukherjee, S., Chen, W., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aam8999 · Cited by 1,422
Cuprizone treatment induces demyelination and astrocytosis in the mouse hippocampus
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Metadata
- Authors
- Cheung, K.-K., Mok, S. C., Rezaie, P., & Chan, W. Y.
- Affiliations
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- King's College London (GB)
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Chan, Wood Yee
- Venue
- BMC Developmental Biology
- Published
- 2008-08-04
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 76-76
- ISSN
- 1471-213X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2527319
- OpenAlex
- W2075358654
- Semantic Scholar
- 1eb5fce59465a461a18eafb74f358c850ce70a1a
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 0.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- BMC Developmental Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Research Online - ORO (The Open University) (acceptedVersion)
- PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- Chinese University of Hong Kong
- National Cancer Institute (R33CA103595, P50CA165009)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Dab2, floor plate, circumventricular organs, choroid plexus, subcommissural organ, pineal gland, mononuclear phagocytes, macrophages, myeloid dendritic cells, spatiotemporal gene expression, neuronal development
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Embryo, Mammalian, Mice, Inbred ICR, Mononuclear Phagocyte System, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins, Mice, Neural Tube
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-11-10, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-11-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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