A methodological systematic review of what’s wrong with meta-ethnography reporting
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Syntheses of qualitative studies can inform health policy, services and our understanding of patient experience. Meta-ethnography is a systematic seven-phase interpretive qualitative synthesis approach well-suited to producing new theories and conceptual models. However, there are concerns about the quality of meta-ethnography reporting, particularly the analysis and synthesis processes. Our aim was to investigate the application and reporting of methods in recent meta-ethnography journal papers, focusing on the analysis and synthesis process and output. METHODS: Methodological systematic review of health-related meta-ethnography journal papers published from 2012-2013. We searched six electronic databases, Google Scholar and Zetoc for papers using key terms including 'meta-ethnography.' Two authors independently screened papers by title and abstract with 100% agreement. We identified 32 relevant papers. Three authors independently extracted data and all authors analysed the application and reporting of methods using content analysis. RESULTS: Meta-ethnography was applied in diverse ways, sometimes inappropriately. In 13% of papers the approach did not suit the research aim. In 66% of papers reviewers did not follow the principles of meta-ethnography. The analytical and synthesis processes were poorly reported overall. In only 31% of papers reviewers clearly described how they analysed conceptual data from primary studies (phase 5, 'translation' of studies) and in only one paper (3%) reviewers explicitly described how they conducted the analytic synthesis process (phase 6). In 38% of papers we could not ascertain if reviewers had achieved any new interpretation of primary studies. In over 30% of papers seminal methodological texts which could have informed methods were not cited. CONCLUSIONS: We believe this is the first in-depth methodological systematic review of meta-ethnography conduct and reporting. Meta-ethnography is an evolving approach. Current reporting of methods, analysis and synthesis lacks clarity and comprehensiveness. This is a major barrier to use of meta-ethnography findings that could contribute significantly to the evidence base because it makes judging their rigour and credibility difficult. To realise the high potential value of meta-ethnography for enhancing health care and understanding patient experience requires reporting that clearly conveys the methodology, analysis and findings. Tailored meta-ethnography reporting guidelines, developed through expert consensus, could improve reporting.
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A synthesis of these qualitative studies has the potential to achieve greater conceptual understanding of cyberbullying from young people's perspective.
“A synthesis of these qualitative studies has the potential to achieve greater conceptual understanding of cyberbullying from young people's perspective (France et al., 2014).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as France et al., 2014
Analysis and interpretation is limited by the contextual and conceptual thinness of some of the included studies.
“However, it must be recognized that analysis and interpretation is limited by the contextual and conceptual thinness of some of the included studies (France et al., 2014).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as France et al., 2014
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Self-citation
- Authors
- France, E. F., Ring, N., Thomas, R., Noyes, J., Maxwell, M., & Jepson, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Stirling (GB)
- Bangor University (GB)
- Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research and Policy (GB)
- Corresponding author
- France, Emma F
- Venue
- BMC Medical Research Methodology
- Published
- 2014-11-19
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 119-119
- ISSN
- 1471-2288 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4277825
- OpenAlex
- W2107708125
- Cited by
- 183
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 3.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Medical Research Methodology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Output (Edinburgh Napier University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- University of Stirling
- Medical Research Council (MR/K023209/1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Keywords
- meta-ethnography, reporting quality, qualitative evidence synthesis, interpretive synthesis, methodological quality, patient experience, health care
- MeSH terms
- Anthropology, Cultural, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Humans, Publishing, Research Design, Qualitative Research
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