Cited by 111Muscle Physiology and DisordersFOXO transcription factor regulationNutrition and Health in Aging

Genome-wide identification of FoxO-dependent gene networks in skeletal muscle during C26 cancer cachexia

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Judge, Sarah M, Wu, Chia-Ling, Beharry, Adam W, Roberts, Brandon M, Ferreira, Leonardo F, Kandarian, Susan C, Judge, Andrew R·2014·BMC Cancer

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Evidence from cachectic cancer patients and animal models of cancer cachexia supports the involvement of Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors in driving cancer-induced skeletal muscle wasting. However, the genome-wide gene networks and associated biological processes regulated by FoxO during cancer cachexia are unknown. We hypothesize that FoxO is a central upstream regulator of diverse gene networks in skeletal muscle during cancer that may act coordinately to promote the wasting phenotype. METHODS: To inhibit endogenous FoxO DNA-binding, we transduced limb and diaphragm muscles of mice with AAV9 containing the cDNA for a dominant negative (d.n.) FoxO protein (or GFP control). The d.n.FoxO construct consists of only the FoxO3a DNA-binding domain that is highly homologous to that of FoxO1 and FoxO4, and which outcompetes and blocks endogenous FoxO DNA binding. Mice were subsequently inoculated with Colon-26 (C26) cells and muscles harvested 26 days later. RESULTS: Blocking FoxO prevented C26-induced muscle fiber atrophy of both locomotor muscles and the diaphragm and significantly spared force deficits. This sparing of muscle size and function was associated with the differential regulation of 543 transcripts (out of 2,093) which changed in response to C26. Bioinformatics analysis of upregulated gene transcripts that required FoxO revealed enrichment of the proteasome, AP-1 and IL-6 pathways, and included several atrophy-related transcription factors, including Stat3, Fos, and Cebpb. FoxO was also necessary for the cancer-induced downregulation of several gene transcripts that were enriched for extracellular matrix and sarcomere protein-encoding genes. We validated these findings in limb muscles and the diaphragm through qRT-PCR, and further demonstrate that FoxO1 and/or FoxO3a are sufficient to increase Stat3, Fos, Cebpb, and the C/EBPβ target gene, Ubr2. Analysis of the Cebpb proximal promoter revealed two bona fide FoxO binding elements, which we further establish are necessary for Cebpb promoter activation in response to IL-6, a predominant cytokine in the C26 cancer model. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide new evidence that FoxO-dependent transcription is a central node controlling diverse gene networks in skeletal muscle during cancer cachexia, and identifies novel candidate genes and networks for further investigation as causative factors in cancer-induced wasting.

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Authors
Judge, S. M., Wu, C.-L., Beharry, A. W., Roberts, B. M., Ferreira, L. F., Kandarian, S. C., & Judge, A. R.
Affiliations
  • University of Florida Health (US)
  • Boston University (US)
  • University of Florida (US)
Corresponding author
Judge, Andrew R
Venue
BMC Cancer
Published
2014-12
Volume
14
Issue
1
Pages
997-997
ISSN
1471-2407 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1564746483
Cited by
111
References
59
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 3
FWCI
2.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • BMC Cancer (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Florida Digital Collections (University of Florida) (submittedVersion)
  • OpenBU (Boston University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R00HL098453)
  • National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR060217, R01AR060209)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32HD043730)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › FOXO transcription factor regulation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Keywords
FOXO transcription factors, cancer cachexia, skeletal muscle atrophy, C26 colon carcinoma, FOXO1, FOXO3, gene regulatory networks, muscle fiber atrophy, diaphragm, limb muscles, STAT3, FOS, CEBPB, UBR2, IL-6 signaling, proteasome pathway, extracellular matrix genes, sarcomere proteins
MeSH terms
Dependovirus, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Cachexia, Colonic Neoplasms, Disease Models, Animal, Extracellular Matrix, Gene Expression Regulation, Genetic Vectors, Humans, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Transcription Factors, Transduction, Genetic, Reproducibility of Results, Sequence Alignment, Muscle, Skeletal, Gene Expression Profiling, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Mice, Forkhead Transcription Factors, Gene Regulatory Networks, Genome-Wide Association Study, Heterografts

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