Whey protein and essential amino acids promote the reduction of adipose tissue and increased muscle protein synthesis during caloric restriction-induced weight loss in elderly, obese individuals
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Excess adipose tissue and sarcopenia presents a multifaceted clinical challenge that promotes morbidity and mortality in the obese, elderly population. Unfortunately, the mortality risks of muscle loss may outweigh the potential benefits of weight loss in the elderly. We have previously demonstrated the effectiveness of whey protein and essential amino acids towards the preservation of lean tissue, even under the conditions of strict bedrest in the elderly. METHODS: In the context of caloric restriction-based weight loss, we hypothesized that a similar formulation given as a meal replacement (EAAMR) would foster the retention of lean tissue through an increase in the skeletal muscle fractional synthesis rate (FSR). We also proposed that EAAMR would promote the preferential loss of adipose tissue through the increased energy cost of skeletal muscle FSR. We recruited and randomized 12 elderly individuals to an 8 week, caloric restriction diet utilizing equivalent caloric meal replacements (800 kcal/day): 1) EAAMR or a 2) competitive meal replacement (CMR) in conjunction with 400 kcal of solid food that totaled 1200 kcal/day designed to induce 7% weight loss. Combined with weekly measurements of total body weight and body composition, we also measured the acute change in the skeletal muscle FSR to EAAMR and CMR. RESULTS: By design, both groups lost ~7% of total body weight. While EAAMR did not promote a significant preservation of lean tissue, the reduction in adipose tissue was greater in EAAMR compared to CMR. Interestingly, these results corresponded to an increase in the acute skeletal muscle protein FSR. CONCLUSION: The provision of EAAMR during caloric restriction-induced weight loss promotes the preferential reduction of adipose tissue and the modest loss of lean tissue in the elderly population.
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Coker et al. found that essential amino acids supplementation was effective for preserving lean muscle mass even without exercise.
“Coker et al. [2] found that essential amino acids supplementation was effective for preserving lean muscle mass even without exercise [2].”
The combination of a protein supplement (whey and essential amino acids) with a calorie restricted diet was more effective than a hypocaloric meal replacement control at concurrently reducing adipose tissue and preserving lean tissue during caloric restriction-induced weight loss in elderly obese subjects.
“Researchers illustrated that the combination of a protein supplement (whey and essential amino acids) with a calorie restricted diet was more effective than a hypocaloric meal replacement control at concurrently reducing adipose tissue and preserving lean tissue during the caloric restriction-induced weight loss in elderly obese subjects [2].”
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Food Proteins and Bioactive Peptides
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Karstunen, N. (2015) · Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä)
- Authors
- Coker, R. H., Miller, S., Schutzler, S., Deutz, N., & Wolfe, R. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
- Corresponding author
- Coker, Robert H
- Venue
- Nutrition Journal
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 105-105
- ISSN
- 1475-2891 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3546025
- OpenAlex
- W2156477187
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 2.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrition Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- whey protein, essential amino acids, caloric restriction, weight loss, older adults, obesity, adipose tissue reduction, muscle protein synthesis, fractional synthesis rate, meal replacement, sarcopenia, body composition
- MeSH terms
- Whey Proteins, Adipose Tissue, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amino Acids, Essential, Body Composition, Body Weight, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Male, Milk Proteins, Muscle Proteins, Obesity, Weight Loss, Muscle, Skeletal, Caloric Restriction
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