Differential stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in elderly humans following isocaloric ingestion of amino acids or whey protein
Abstract
To counteract the debilitating progression of sarcopenia, a protein supplement should provide an energetically efficient anabolic stimulus. We quantified net muscle protein synthesis in healthy elderly individuals (65-79 yrs) following ingestion of an isocaloric intact whey protein supplement (WY; n=8) or an essential amino acid supplement (EAA; n=7). Femoral arterio-venous blood samples and vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples were obtained during a primed, constant infusion of L-[ring-2H5]phenylalanine. Net phenylalanine uptake and mixed muscle fractional synthetic rate (FSR) were calculated during the post-absorptive period and for 3.5 h following ingestion of 15 g EAA or 15 g whey. After accounting for the residual increase in the intracellular phenylalanine pool, net post-prandial phenylalanine uptake was 53.4+/-9.7 mg phe leg-1 (EAA) and 21.7+/-4.6 mg phe leg-1 (WY), (P<0.05). Postabsorptive FSR values were 0.056+/-0.004% h-1 (EAA) and 0.049+/-0.006% h-1 (WY), (P>0.05). Both supplements stimulated FSR (P<0.05), but the increase was greatest in the EAA group with values of 0.088+/-0.011% h-1 (EAA) and 0.066+/-0.004% h-1 (WY), (P<0.05). While both EAA and WY supplements stimulated muscle protein synthesis, EAAs may provide a more energetically efficient nutritional supplement for elderly individuals.
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In older men, whey protein stimulated postprandial muscle protein accretion more effectively than casein, an effect attributed to a combination of whey's faster digestion and absorption kinetics and possibly to its higher leucine content.
“In older men, whey protein (a “fast” milk-derived protein) stimulated postprandial muscle protein accretion more effectively than casein (a “slow” milk-derived protein), an effect that is attributed to a combination of whey's faster digestion and absorption kinetics and possibly to its higher leucine content.30,61,143”
From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [143]
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“…and athletes need to consume 1.4–2.0 g/kg/d of protein to maintain positive nitrogen balance and consume protein servings containing at least 6.0 g of EAA [110,111] and 2.0 g of leucine [2,112,113] to optimize MPS to promote favorable changes in muscle mass and strength during training [2].”
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- Authors
- Paddon-Jones, D., Sheffield-Moore, M., Katsanos, C. S., Zhang, X.-J., & Wolfe, R. R.
- Affiliations
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - Galveston (US)
- Venue
- Experimental Gerontology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-02
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 215-219
- ISSN
- 0531-5565 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2132273442
- Cited by
- 223
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 2.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental Gerontology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (P30AG024832)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (5R01 GM 57295, R01GM057295)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01 RR-00073, M01RR000073)
- NIH Clinical Center
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- muscle protein synthesis, sarcopenia, whey protein, essential amino acids, protein supplementation, older adults, phenylalanine uptake, fractional synthesis rate, vastus lateralis
- MeSH terms
- Whey Proteins, Administration, Oral, Aged, Aging, Amino Acids, Analysis of Variance, Female, Humans, Leg, Male, Milk Proteins, Muscle Proteins, Phenylalanine, Regional Blood Flow
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