Effects of plant-based diets on plasma lipids
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke. Current guidelines recommend diet as first-line therapy for patients with elevated plasma cholesterol concentrations. However, what constitutes an optimal dietary regimen remains a matter of controversy. Large prospective trials have demonstrated that populations following plant-based diets, particularly vegetarian and vegan diets, are at lower risk for ischemic heart disease mortality. The investigators therefore reviewed the published scientific research to determine the effectiveness of plant-based diets in modifying plasma lipid concentrations. Twenty-seven randomized controlled and observational trials were included. Of the 4 types of plant-based diets considered, interventions testing a combination diet (a vegetarian or vegan diet combined with nuts, soy, and/or fiber) demonstrated the greatest effects (up to 35% plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction), followed by vegan and ovolactovegetarian diets. Interventions allowing small amounts of lean meat demonstrated less dramatic reductions in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels. In conclusion, plant-based dietary interventions are effective in lowering plasma cholesterol concentrations.
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Randomized controlled trial evidence shows a protective effect of plant-based diets on intermediate outcomes, including weight change, lipid profile, glycemic control, and blood pressure.
“Additionally, randomized controlled trial evidence showing the protective effect of plant-based diets on intermediate outcomes, including weight change, lipid profile, glycemic control, and blood pressure lends further support to our findings.(35–38)”
From Healthful and Unhealthful Plant-Based Diets and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in U.S. Adults (2017) · cites this paper as [36]
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- Authors
- Ferdowsian, H. R., & Barnard, N. D.
- Affiliations
- George Washington University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ferdowsian, Hope R.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-10
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 947-956
- ISSN
- 0002-9149 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1976331330
- Cited by
- 196
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 1.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The American Journal of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
- Keywords
- plant-based diet, plasma lipids, dyslipidemia, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, vegetarian diet, vegan diet, dietary intervention, cardiovascular risk, nuts, soybean, dietary fiber
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Artery Disease, Female, Humans, Hyperlipidemias, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Phytotherapy, Plants, Prognosis, Diet, Vegetarian, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Risk Assessment, Dietary Supplements
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