Denitrification in human dental plaque
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Microbial denitrification is not considered important in human-associated microbial communities. Accordingly, metabolic investigations of the microbial biofilm communities of human dental plaque have focused on aerobic respiration and acid fermentation of carbohydrates, even though it is known that the oral habitat is constantly exposed to nitrate (NO3-) concentrations in the millimolar range and that dental plaque houses bacteria that can reduce this NO3- to nitrite (NO2-). RESULTS: We show that dental plaque mediates denitrification of NO3- to nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O), and dinitrogen (N2) using microsensor measurements, 15N isotopic labelling and molecular detection of denitrification genes. In vivo N2O accumulation rates in the mouth depended on the presence of dental plaque and on salivary NO3- concentrations. NO and N2O production by denitrification occurred under aerobic conditions and was regulated by plaque pH. CONCLUSIONS: Increases of NO concentrations were in the range of effective concentrations for NO signalling to human host cells and, thus, may locally affect blood flow, signalling between nerves and inflammatory processes in the gum. This is specifically significant for the understanding of periodontal diseases, where NO has been shown to play a key role, but where gingival cells are believed to be the only source of NO. More generally, this study establishes denitrification by human-associated microbial communities as a significant metabolic pathway which, due to concurrent NO formation, provides a basis for symbiotic interactions.
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The nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway is affected by microbial diversity and oral pathology.
“Indeed, even the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway is affected by microbial diversity[190] and oral pathology[191–193].”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [192]
Biological nitrate reduction activity is regulated by multiple forms of nitrate reductase enzymes.
“supporting the idea that biological activity is regulated by multiple forms of nitrate reductase enzymes[192].”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [192]
Microbiota isolated from dental plaque were capable of denitrification under aerobic conditions.
“Conversely, microbiota isolated from dental plaque were capable of denitrification under aerobic conditions, supporting the idea that biological activity is regulated by multiple forms of nitrate reductase enzymes[192].”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [192]
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- Authors
- Schreiber, F., Stief, P., Gieseke, A., Heisterkamp, I. M., Verstraete, W., de Beer, D., & Stoodley, P.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology (DE)
- Ghent University (BE)
- Allegheny General Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schreiber, Frank
- Venue
- BMC Biology
- Published
- 2010-03-22
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 24-24
- ISSN
- 1741-7007 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2859859
- OpenAlex
- W2099657036
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Keywords
- biological denitrification, dental plaque, nitrous oxide production, nitric oxide, dinitrogen production, nitrate reduction, salivary nitrate, plaque pH, periodontal disease, denitrification genes, symbiosis
- MeSH terms
- Base Sequence, Dental Plaque, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Nitric Oxide, Nitrogen Isotopes, Nitrous Oxide, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Biofilms, Nitrate Reductase
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