Knights in shining armour and (M)others in life jackets: Women’s experiences of advocating for care alone when suffering recurrent early pregnancy loss during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Recurrent early pregnancy loss [rEPL] is a traumatic experience, marked by feelings such as grief and depression, and often anxiety. Despite this, the psychological consequences of rEPL are often overlooked, particularly when considering future reproductive health or approaching subsequent pregnancies. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to significant reconfiguration of maternity care and a negative impact on the perinatal experience, but the specific impact on women's experience of rEPL has yet to be explored. This study aimed to examine the impact of changes to early pregnancy loss care and social restrictions during the pandemic on women's experience of rEPL. METHODS: A qualitative interview study design was employed, with semi-structured interviews conducted virtually. A total of 16 women who had suffered two or more early pregnancy losses (≤ 14 weeks gestation) during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United Kingdom participated. Data were recorded, transcribed, and analysed by hand, following a Classical Grounded Theory Analysis, appropriate for cross-disciplinary health research. RESULTS: Iterative and inductive analysis generated the theory 'Knights in Shining Armour and (M)others in Life Jackets', which describes women's experience of advocating for care alone, when suffering rEPL during the pandemic. This theory was derived from the way in which three emergent themes inter-related: (1) Dismantling Validation; (2) Preserving an Identity of Motherhood; and (3) Support Waning. CONCLUSIONS: This study affirms recent findings of devalued maternity care during the pandemic, and magnification of pre-pandemic issues with EPL care, such as a lack of support or perceived empathy.
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The pandemic intensified pre-existing vulnerabilities and profoundly reshaped the experience of perinatal grief, with potentially long-lasting consequences.
“The pandemic not only intensified pre-existing vulnerabilities but also profoundly reshaped the experience of perinatal grief (60–62), with potentially long-lasting consequences.”
From Experiences and long-term repercussions of perinatal grief in women after perinatal bereavement: a meta-ethnography (2025) · cites this paper as [60]
The Discussion (Summary of main findings; page unavailable) says pandemic-specific circumstances magnified pre-existing problems in early pregnancy loss care and intensified isolation during bereavement. The Conclusion (page unavailable) describes enduring psychosocial effects. The study concerns women experiencing recurrent early pregnancy loss, however, so it does not establish the claim for perinatal grief more broadly. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Payne, E., Silverio, S. A., Fellows, R. E., Heywood, L. E., Burgess, K., Storey, C., Oza, M., Kent-Nye, F. E., Haddad, L., Sampson, A., et al. (2025) · Women and Birth · doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2025.101902 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Beato, B. V. G., Machado-Kayzuka, G. C., Neris, R. R., Payne, E., de Andrade Alvarenga, W., Leite, A. C. A. B., Silva-Rodrigues, F. M., Polita, N. B., deMontigny, F., Silverio, S. A., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1661483 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Carrying Life While Carrying Loss: Grief, PTSD, and Depression in Subsequent Pregnancy
Van, P. (2025) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228251403752
Kalinić, A., Payne, E., Oza, M., Burgess, K., Jurkovic, D., Magee, L. A., George‐Carey, R., Goodhart, V., Memtsa, M., Sheen, K., et al. (2026) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2026.2632838
- Authors
- Kent-Nye, F. E., Sheen, K. S., Burgess, K., Oza, M., Magee, L. A., Jurković, D., & Silverio, S. A.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- University of the West of England (GB)
- The Ectopic Pregnancy Trust (GB)
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Silverio, Sergio A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- BMC Public Health
- Published
- 2025-01-29
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 367-367
- ISSN
- 1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11776267
- OpenAlex
- W4406932323
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3
- FWCI
- 4.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- UWE Research Repository (UWE Bristol) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration South London (NIHR-INF-2170)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Keywords
- recurrent early pregnancy loss, COVID-19 pandemic, women's experiences, obstetric care, maternal identity, validation, grief and depression, psychological impact, social restrictions, perinatal care
- MeSH terms
- Abortion, Habitual, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Female, United Kingdom, Grief, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Pregnancy, Qualitative Research, Young Adult, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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