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The significance of exosomes in the development and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Li, Xin, Li, Chuanyun, Zhang, Liping, Wu, Min, Cao, Ke, Jiang, Feifei, Chen, Dexi, Li, Ning, Li, Weihua·2020·Molecular Cancer
DOI 10.1186/s12943-019-1085-0PMC PMC6942270
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Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most commonmalignancy. Exsome plays a significant role in the elucidation of signal transduction pathways between hepatoma cells, angiogenesis and early diagnosis of HCC. Exosomes are small vesicular structures that mediate interaction between different types of cells, and contain a variety of components (including DNA, RNA, and proteins). Numerous studies have shown that these substances in exosomes are involved in growth, metastasis and angiogenesis in liver cancer, and then inhibited the growth of liver cancer by blocking the signaling pathway of liver cancer cells. In addition, the exosomal substances could also be used as markers for screening early liver cancer. In this review, we summarized to reveal the significance of exosomes in the occurrence, development, diagnosis and treatment of HCC, which in turn might help us to further elucidate the mechanism of exosomes in HCC, and promote the use of exosomes in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of HCC.

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Fig. 1 a Biosynthesis of exosomes. Firstly, the inward budding of cell membrane forms early endosomes. Secondly, the multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are generated by further inward budding of endosomes and several miRNAs, proteins and other selected substances are incorporated. Finally, the MVBs either fuse with cell membrane, leading to inclusion of extracellular DNA, or fuse with lysosome, causing degradation of biological information containers of MVBs. The mechanism of the formation of exosomes is depicted in detail. b The concrete structure of the 4 kinds of ESCRT (ESCRT 0, I, II, and III0), and ALIX, a cytosolic protein, interacts with ESCRT-III subunit SNF7, finally combining with MVBs [33]
Fig. 1 a Biosynthesis of exosomes. Firstly, the inward budding of cell membrane forms early endosomes. Secondly, the multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are generated by further inward budding of endosomes and several miRNAs, proteins and other selected substances are incorporated. Finally, the MVBs either fuse with cell membrane, leading to inclusion of extracellular DNA, or fuse with lysosome, causing degradation of biological information containers of MVBs. The mechanism of the formation of exosomes is depicted in detail. b The concrete structure of the 4 kinds of ESCRT (ESCRT 0, I, II, and III0), and ALIX, a cytosolic protein, interacts with ESCRT-III subunit SNF7, finally combining with MVBs [33]CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 The detailed mechanism of the role exosomes played in the process of CHB to HCC. a After infection with HBV, the viruses using exosomes secrete some substances that lead to chronic infection with HBV. b During the chronic infection with HBV, the viruses stimulate all kinds of cells to release exosomes, leading to liver cirrhosis (LC). c The concrete mechanism of exosomes during the formation of HCC
Fig. 2 The detailed mechanism of the role exosomes played in the process of CHB to HCC. a After infection with HBV, the viruses using exosomes secrete some substances that lead to chronic infection with HBV. b During the chronic infection with HBV, the viruses stimulate all kinds of cells to release exosomes, leading to liver cirrhosis (LC). c The concrete mechanism of exosomes during the formation of HCCCC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Li, X., Li, C., Zhang, L., Wu, M., Cao, K., Jiang, F., Chen, D., Li, N., & Li, W.
Venue
Molecular Cancer
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2020-01-04
Volume
19
Issue
1
ISSN
1476-4598
DOI
10.1186/s12943-019-1085-0
PMC
PMC6942270
Cited by
395
References
17
Language
en
Licence
Funders
Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81603552)

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