Biogenesis and secretion of exosomes
Open accessAbstract
Although observed for several decades, the release of membrane-enclosed vesicles by cells into their surrounding environment has been the subject of increasing interest in the past few years, which led to the creation, in 2012, of a scientific society dedicated to the subject: the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. Convincing evidence that vesicles allow exchange of complex information fuelled this rise in interest. But it has also become clear that different types of secreted vesicles co-exist, with different intracellular origins and modes of formation, and thus probably different compositions and functions. Exosomes are one sub-type of secreted vesicles. They form inside eukaryotic cells in multivesicular compartments, and are secreted when these compartments fuse with the plasma membrane. Interestingly, different families of molecules have been shown to allow intracellular formation of exosomes and their subsequent secretion, which suggests that even among exosomes different sub-types exist.
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Exosomes are 30-100 nm in diameter.
“As one of the endogenous extracellular vesicles, exosomes are 30–100 nm in diameter, which are considered a new generation of a natural nanoscale delivery system.”
From The Therapeutic Potential and Clinical Significance of Exosomes as Carriers of Drug Delivery System (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
Exosomes are rich in lipids (cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and ceramide) and contain active molecules including DNA, noncoding RNA, mRNA, or protein.
“Now, it is generally accepted that exosomes are 30–100 nm in diameter, rich in lipids (cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and ceramide), and fulfilled with active molecules including DNA, noncoding RNA, mRNA or protein (Table 1) [4].”
From The Therapeutic Potential and Clinical Significance of Exosomes as Carriers of Drug Delivery System (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
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- Authors
- Kowal, J., Tkach, M., & Théry, C.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Théry, Clotilde
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Cell Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-08
- Volume
- 29
- Pages
- 116-125
- ISSN
- 0955-0674 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2143729276
- Cited by
- 1,781
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 77 · 2025: 128 · 2024: 159 · 2023: 155 · 2022: 172 · 2021: 250 · 2020: 231 · 2019: 190 · 2018: 136 · 2017: 111 · 2016: 89 · 2015: 72 · 2014: 11
- FWCI
- 8.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- inserm.hal.science
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Curie
- Association pour la Recherche contre le Cancer
- Fondation de France, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL*, ANR-11-LABX-0043)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Keywords
- exosomes, extracellular vesicles, exosome biogenesis, exosome secretion, multivesicular bodies, vesicle formation, plasma membrane fusion
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biological Transport, Cell Membrane, Humans, Exosomes
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