Cited by 81Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsCellular transport and secretion

Phosphoinositides signaling modulates microglial actin remodeling and phagocytosis in Alzheimer’s disease

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Desale, Smita Eknath, Chinnathambi, Subashchandrabose·2021·Cell Communication and Signaling

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits, which disrupts signal transduction in neurons and other glia cells. The pathological protein in neurodegenerative diseases, Tau and amyloid-β contribute to the disrupted microglial signaling pathways, actin cytoskeleton, and cellular receptor expression. The important secondary messenger lipids i.e., phosphatidylinositols are largely affected by protein deposits of amyloid-β in Alzheimer’s disease. Phosphatidylinositols are the product of different phosphatidylinositol kinases and the state of phosphorylation at D3, D4, and D5 positions of inositol ring. Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PI 3, 4, 5-P3) involves in phagocytic cup formation, cell polarization, whereas Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI 4, 5-P2)-mediates the process of phagosomes formation and further its fusion with early endosome.. The necessary activation of actin-binding proteins such as Rac, WAVE complex, and ARP2/3 complex for the actin polymerization in the process of phagocytosis, migration is regulated and maintained by PI 3, 4, 5-P3 and PI 4, 5-P2. The ratio and types of fatty acid intake can influence the intracellular secondary lipid messengers along with the cellular content of phaphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The Amyloid-β deposits and extracellular Tau seeds disrupt phosphatidylinositides level and actin cytoskeletal network that hamper microglial-signaling pathways in AD. We hypothesize that being a lipid species intracellular levels of phosphatidylinositol would be regulated by dietary fatty acids. Further we are interested to understand phosphoinositide-based signaling cascades in phagocytosis and actin remodeling.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/s12964-021-00715-0

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114 of 114 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Rac signaling is upstream of the ABI-WAVE complex and regulates actin cytoskeleton remodeling.

    “Rac signaling is upstream of the ABI-WAVE complex and regulates actin cytoskeleton remodeling (51, 52).”

    From The effect of Abi3 locus deletion on the progression of Alzheimer’s disease-related pathologies (2023) · cites this paper as [51]

    The Background sections on microglial migration and phagocytosis link Rac signaling to actin polymerization and remodeling. The passages do not identify an ABI-WAVE complex or place Rac upstream of it; searches for “ABI-WAVE” and “WAVE Rac1 ABI” found no such passage. Page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • The literature highlights the crucial involvement of ACTR2 and CFL1 in microglial motility.

    “the literature also highlights their crucial involvement in microglial motility [18, 20].”

    From Enhanced microglial dynamics and a paucity of tau seeding in the amyloid plaque microenvironment contribute to cognitive resilience in Alzheimer’s disease (2024) · cites this paper as [18]

    The Background section, “Phosphatidylinositol signaling in microglial migration” (page unavailable), links ARP2/3-mediated actin polymerization to microglial migration, supporting the ACTR2 aspect at the complex level. It does not identify ACTR2 individually or establish a role for CFL1 in microglial motility; searches for CFL1 and cofilin found no such passage. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • The ACTR2 (encoding ARP2) and CFL1 (Cofilin 1) genes play significant roles in actin remodeling, enabling both baseline movement (ruffling or branching) and chemotactic motility (migration).

    “The ACTR2 (encoding ARP2) and CFL1 (Cofilin 1) genes play significant roles in actin remodeling, enabling both baseline movement (ruffling or branching) and chemotactic motility (migration) [18, 28, 29].”

    From Enhanced microglial dynamics and a paucity of tau seeding in the amyloid plaque microenvironment contribute to cognitive resilience in Alzheimer’s disease (2024) · cites this paper as [18]

    The Background sections on phosphatidylinositol signaling in microglial migration and actin remodeling (pages unavailable) link ARP2/3-mediated actin polymerization to membrane ruffling and migration toward chemoattractants. The passages do not identify ACTR2 or describe a role for CFL1/cofilin 1 in those processes, so they support only the ARP2/3 portion of the claim. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • SHIP1 is a phosphatase involved in phosphoinositide signaling.

    “SHIP1 is a phosphatase involved in phosphoinositide signaling.”

    From Microglial function, INPP5D/SHIP1 signaling, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation: implications for Alzheimer’s disease (2023) · cites this paper as [89]

    The Background section (‘Phosphatidylinositol influence actin remodeling’; page unavailable) identifies SHIP as an inositol phosphatase and says it hydrolyzes PIP3 to produce a phosphoinositide signaling molecule. Our copy calls it SHIP, not SHIP1, so it does not explicitly establish the claim for that specific isoform. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • PI(3,4,5)P3 can be converted back to PI(4,5)P2 by PTEN or converted into PI(3,4)P2 by SHIP1, which negatively regulates PI3K/Akt signaling.

    “PI(3,4,5)P3 can be converted back to PI(4,5)P2 by the protein phosphatase and tensin homology (PTEN) or converted into PI(3,4)P2 by SHIP1, which negatively regulates PI3K/Akt signaling (Fig. 2) [89–92].”

    From Microglial function, INPP5D/SHIP1 signaling, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation: implications for Alzheimer’s disease (2023) · cites this paper as [89]

    The Background section (‘Phosphatidylinositol influence actin remodeling’; page unavailable) states that PTEN converts PI(3,4,5)P3 to PI(4,5)P2 and SHIP converts it to PI(3,4)P2. It does not identify that enzyme specifically as SHIP1 or state that this conversion negatively regulates PI3K/Akt signaling. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [9]Botelho RJ Teruel M Dierckman R Anderson R Wells A York JD Meyer T Grinstein S Localized biphasic changes in phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate at sites of phagocytosis J Cell Biol 2000 151 1353 1368 10.1083/jcb.151.7.1353 11134066 PMC2150667 · DOI · Paper page
  2. [30]Desale SE Chinnathambi S Role of dietary fatty acids in microglial polarization in Alzheimer’s disease J Neuroinflamm 2020 17 1 14 10.1186/s12974-020-01742-3 PMC7093977 32209097 · DOI

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Authors
Desale, S. E., & Chinnathambi, S.
Affiliations
National Chemical Laboratory (IN)
Corresponding author
Chinnathambi, Subashchandrabose
Venue
Cell Communication and Signaling
Published
2021-02-24
Volume
19
Issue
1
Pages
28-28
ISSN
1478-811X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3132224281
Cited by
81
References
114
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5
FWCI
1.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell Communication and Signaling (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Greater South Information System
Funders
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India (CSIR NCL MLP029526)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, microglia, phosphoinositide signaling, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, phagocytosis, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, amyloid-beta, tau protein, actin polymerization, Rac, WAVE complex, Arp2/3 complex, dietary fatty acids, phagosome formation
MeSH terms
Actins, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Humans, Phagocytosis, Phosphatidylinositols, Signal Transduction, Microglia

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