Exosome-mediated delivery of hydrophobically modified siRNA for huntingtin mRNA silencing
Open accessAbstract
Delivery represents a significant barrier to the clinical advancement of oligonucleotide therapeutics for the treatment of neurological disorders, such as Huntington's disease. Small, endogenous vesicles known as exosomes have the potential to act as oligonucleotide delivery vehicles, but robust and scalable methods for loading RNA therapeutic cargo into exosomes are lacking. Here, we show that hydrophobically modified small interfering RNAs (hsiRNAs) efficiently load into exosomes upon co-incubation, without altering vesicle size distribution or integrity. Exosomes loaded with hsiRNAs targeting Huntingtin mRNA were efficiently internalized by mouse primary cortical neurons and promoted dose-dependent silencing of Huntingtin mRNA and protein. Unilateral infusion of hsiRNA-loaded exosomes, but not hsiRNAs alone, into mouse striatum resulted in bilateral oligonucleotide distribution and statistically significant bilateral silencing of up to 35% of Huntingtin mRNA. The broad distribution and efficacy of hsiRNA-loaded exosomes delivered to brain is expected to advance the development of therapies for the treatment of Huntington's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Administration of hsiRNA-loaded exosomes through unilateral infusion into mouse striatum showed in vivo efficacy, with 35% of HTT mRNA silenced in the brain of mice.
“Moreover, administration of hsiRNA-loaded exosomes through unilateral infusion into mouse striatum further showed in vivo efficacy of these established exosomes, where 35% of HTT mRNA were silenced in the brain of mice.[106]”
From RNA delivery biomaterials for the treatment of genetic and rare diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [106]
Huntington's disease is caused by heightened CAG repeats in the huntingtin (HTT) gene.
“The cause of HD is related to the heightened CAG repeats in the huntingtin (HTT) gene.[101, 106]”
From RNA delivery biomaterials for the treatment of genetic and rare diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [106]
Didiot et al. loaded modified hsiRNAs targeting HTT mRNA into exosomes.
“In 2016, Didiot et al. efficiently loaded modified small interfering RNA (hsiRNAs targeting HTT mRNA) into exosomes, which are endogenous vesicles applied as siRNA delivery biomaterials.”
From RNA delivery biomaterials for the treatment of genetic and rare diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [106]
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- Authors
- Didiot, M.-C., Hall, L. M., Coles, A. H., Haraszti, R. A., Godinho, B. M., Chase, K., Sapp, E., Ly, S., Alterman, J. F., Hassler, M. R., Echeverria, D., Raj, L., Morrissey, D. V., DiFiglia, M., Aronin, N., & Khvorova, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Khvorova, Anastasia
- ORCID
- Venue
- Molecular Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-10
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1836-1847
- ISSN
- 1525-0016 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5112038
- OpenAlex
- W2476696777
- Cited by
- 483
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 15.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecular Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship@UMassChan (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- CHDI Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001453, UH2TR000888, 1s10od020012-01, UL1TR000161, UH3TR000888)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM108803)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS038194)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Keywords
- exosomes, siRNA delivery, Huntington's disease, oligonucleotide therapeutics, intracerebroventricular infusion, striatum, cortical neurons, neurodegenerative diseases
- MeSH terms
- Huntingtin Protein, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Neurons, Genetic Therapy, Gene Silencing, RNA, Small Interfering, Mice, Exosomes, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
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