Novel metabolic and physiological functions of branched chain amino acids: a review
Open accessAbstract
It is widely known that branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are not only elementary components for building muscle tissue but also participate in increasing protein synthesis in animals and humans. BCAA (isoleucine, leucine and valine) regulate many key signaling pathways, the most classic of which is the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. This signaling pathway connects many diverse physiological and metabolic roles. Recent years have witnessed many striking developments in determining the novel functions of BCAA including: (1) Insufficient or excessive levels of BCAA in the diet enhances lipolysis. (2) BCAA, especially isoleucine, play a major role in enhancing glucose consumption and utilization by up-regulating intestinal and muscular glucose transporters. (3) Supplementation of leucine in the diet enhances meat quality in finishing pigs. (4) BCAA are beneficial for mammary health, milk quality and embryo growth. (5) BCAA enhance intestinal development, intestinal amino acid transportation and mucin production. (6) BCAA participate in up-regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition, abnormally elevated BCAA levels in the blood (decreased BCAA catabolism) are a good biomarker for the early detection of obesity, diabetes and other metabolic diseases. This review will provide some insights into these novel metabolic and physiological functions of BCAA.
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Branched-chain amino acids regulate key signaling pathways, most notably activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR).
“BCAAs regulate key signaling pathways, most notably the activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which serves as the master regulator of cell growth and proliferation (331).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [331]
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- Authors
- Zhang, S., Zeng, X., Ren, M., Mao, X., & Qiao, S.
- Affiliations
- South China Agricultural University (CN)
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition (CN)
- Anhui University of Science and Technology (CN)
- Sichuan Agricultural University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zeng, Xiangfang
- Venue
- Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
- Published
- 2017-01-23
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10-10
- ISSN
- 1674-9782 (ISSN-L)
- 2049-1891
- PMC
- PMC5260006
- OpenAlex
- W2582679467
- Cited by
- 639
- References
- 123
- Citations by year
- 2026: 53 · 2025: 91 · 2024: 87 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 77 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 12
- FWCI
- 5.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Key Basic Research Program (2012CB124704)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Keywords
- branched-chain amino acids, leucine, isoleucine, valine, mTOR signaling, protein synthesis, lipolysis, glucose transport, meat quality, milk quality, embryo growth, intestinal development, mucin production, immune response, BCAA catabolism, obesity biomarkers, diabetes biomarkers
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