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Comparative profiling of the synaptic proteome from Alzheimer’s disease patients with focus on the APOE genotype
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Abstract
Degeneration of synapses in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) strongly correlates with cognitive decline, and synaptic pathology contributes to disease pathophysiology. We recently observed that the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic AD, apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 ( APOE 4), is associated with exacerbated synapse loss and synaptic accumulation of oligomeric amyloid beta in human AD brain. To begin to understand the molecular cascades involved in synapse loss in AD and how this is mediated by APOE , and to generate a resource of knowledge of changes in the synaptic proteome in AD, we conducted a proteomic screen and systematic in silico analysis of synaptoneurosome preparations from temporal and occipital cortices of human AD and control subjects with known APOE gene status. We examined brain tissue from 33 subjects (7–10 per group). We pooled tissue from all subjects in each group for unbiased proteomic analyses followed by validation with individual case samples. Our analysis identified over 5500 proteins in human synaptoneurosomes and highlighted disease, brain region, and APOE-associated changes in multiple molecular pathways including a decreased abundance in AD of proteins important for synaptic and mitochondrial function and an increased abundance of proteins involved in neuroimmune interactions and intracellular signaling.
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In the case of Alzheimer's disease, at least two reports suggest that TMEM97 is upregulated in synapses.
“however, in the case of Alzheimer’s disease, at least two reports suggest that TMEM97 is upregulated in synapses [65,69].”
From Sigma-2 Receptors—From Basic Biology to Therapeutic Target: A Focus on Age-Related Degenerative Diseases (2023) · cites this paper as [69]
S2R (TMEM97) has been demonstrated using Förster resonance energy transfer to colocalize with amyloid-β in synaptic densities.
“Consistent with a role of S2R in synapses and in Alzheimer’s disease [69], S2R (TMEM97) has been demonstrated using Förster resonance energy transfer to colocalize with amyloid-β in synaptic densities [65].”
From Sigma-2 Receptors—From Basic Biology to Therapeutic Target: A Focus on Age-Related Degenerative Diseases (2023) · cites this paper as [69]
In human cases, TMEM97 is increased in biochemically isolated synapses of Alzheimer's patients compared to age-matched controls, using an unbiased proteomic approach.
“In human cases, we observed TMEM97 is increased in biochemically isolated synapses of Alzheimer’s patients compared to age-matched controls, using an unbiased proteomic approach [25].”
From Transmembrane protein 97 is a potential synaptic amyloid beta receptor in human Alzheimer’s disease (2024) · cites this paper as [25]
The increased TMEM97 expression and synaptic localization in Alzheimer's disease suggests a potential compensatory response to Alzheimer-related synaptic loss.
“which suggests a potential compensatory response to Alzheimer-related synaptic loss [69].”
From Sigma-2 Receptors—From Basic Biology to Therapeutic Target: A Focus on Age-Related Degenerative Diseases (2023) · cites this paper as [69]
Our group recently found increased levels of TMEM97 in synaptoneurosomes from Alzheimer's cases, compared to control, in a proteomics study.
“In addition, our group recently found increased levels of TMEM97 in synaptoneurosomes from Alzheimer’s cases, compared to control, in a proteomics study [25], supporting a potential role in synaptotoxicity in humans.”
From Transmembrane protein 97 is a potential synaptic amyloid beta receptor in human Alzheimer’s disease (2024) · cites this paper as [25]
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Self-citationJackson, R. J., Dierksmeier, S., Nishtar, M., Meltzer, J., Balduin, F., Beaumont, B., Fan, Z., Sergienko, E., Olson, S., Jackson, M. R., et al. (2026) · doi:10.64898/2026.06.09.730809
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hesse, R., Hurtado, M. L., Jackson, R. J., Eaton, S. L., Herrmann, A. G., Colom-Cadena, M., Tzioras, M., King, D., Rose, J., Tulloch, J., McKenzie, C.-A., Smith, C., Henstridge, C. M., Lamont, D., Wishart, T. M., & Spires-Jones, T. L.
- Venue
- Acta Neuropathologica Communications
- Published
- 2019-12
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2051-5960
- PMC
- PMC6925519
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 20
- Language
- en
- Funders
- H2020 European Research Council (681181)
- Alzheimer's Society (AS-PG-15b-023)
- UK Dementia Research Institute
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