Levels of Soluble Apolipoprotein E/Amyloid-β (Aβ) Complex Are Reduced and Oligomeric Aβ Increased with APOE4 and Alzheimer Disease in a Transgenic Mouse Model and Human Samples*
Open accessAbstract
Human apolipoprotein E (apoE) isoforms may differentially modulate amyloid-β (Aβ) levels. Evidence suggests physical interactions between apoE and Aβ are partially responsible for these functional effects. However, the apoE/Aβ complex is not a single static structure; rather, it is defined by detection methods. Thus, literature results are inconsistent and difficult to interpret. An ELISA was developed to measure soluble apoE/Aβ in a single, quantitative method and was used to address the hypothesis that reduced levels of soluble apoE/Aβ and an increase in soluble Aβ, specifically oligomeric Aβ (oAβ), are associated with APOE4 and AD. Previously, soluble Aβ42 and oAβ levels were greater with APOE4 compared with APOE2 / APOE3 in hippocampal homogenates from EFAD transgenic mice (expressing five familial AD mutations and human apoE isoforms). In this study, soluble apoE/Aβ levels were lower in E4FAD mice compared with E2FAD and E3FAD mice, thus providing evidence that apoE/Aβ levels isoform-specifically modulate soluble oAβ clearance. Similar results were observed in soluble preparations of human cortical synaptosomes; apoE/Aβ levels were lower in AD patients compared with controls and lower with APOE4 in the AD cohort. In human CSF, apoE/Aβ levels were also lower in AD patients and with APOE4 in the AD cohort. Importantly, although total Aβ42 levels decreased in AD patients compared with controls, oAβ levels increased and were greater with APOE4 in the AD cohort. Overall, apoE isoform-specific formation of soluble apoE/Aβ modulates oAβ levels, suggesting a basis for APOE4 -induced AD risk and a mechanistic approach to AD biomarkers. Background: An ELISA was developed to determine the role of apoE/Aβ on soluble Aβ accumulation. Results: In AD transgenic mouse brain and human synaptosomes and CSF, levels of soluble apoE/Aβ are lower and oligomeric Aβ levels are higher with APOE4 and AD. Conclusion: Isoform-specific apoE/Aβ levels modulate soluble oligomeric Aβ levels. Significance: ApoE/Aβ and oligomeric Aβ represent a mechanistic approach to AD biomarkers.
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The literature suggests that there are isoform-dependent differences in ApoE-plaque associations but that several factors, such as ApoE lipidation state, compartment or cell type of origin, and Aβ conformational state, also have important roles in ApoE-Aβ interactions.
“The literature suggests that there are isoform-dependent differences in ApoE–plaque associations but that several factors, such as ApoE lipidation state, compartment or cell type of origin, and Aβ conformational state, also have important roles in ApoE–Aβ interactions52–56.”
From APOE4 to APOE2 allelic switching in mice improves Alzheimer’s disease-related metabolic signatures, neuropathology and cognition (2025) · cites this paper as [55]
The 5xFAD model used in this study provided a model with well-characterized APOE-dependent changes in amyloid pathology.
“Second, the 5xFAD model used in this study provided a model with well-characterized APOE-dependent changes in amyloid pathology55,63,64.”
From APOE4 to APOE2 allelic switching in mice improves Alzheimer’s disease-related metabolic signatures, neuropathology and cognition (2025) · cites this paper as [55]
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Aβ Clearance, “hub” of Multiple Deficiencies Leading to Alzheimer Disease
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- Authors
- Tai, L. M., Bilousova, T., Jungbauer, L., Roeske, S. K., Youmans, K. L., Yu, C., Poon, W. W., Cornwell, L. B., Miller, C. A., Vinters, H. V., Van Eldik, L. J., Fardo, D. W., Estus, S., Bu, G., Gylys, K. H., & LaDu, M. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- University of Kentucky (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- LaDu, Mary Jo
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-02
- Volume
- 288
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 5914-5926
- ISSN
- 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3581407
- OpenAlex
- W2150747374
- Cited by
- 165
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 13.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Alzheimer's Association (ZEN-08-899000, UL1RR029879)
- University of Southern California
- University of Kentucky (P30 AG028383, AG028383)
- National Institutes of Health (AG028 383, AG016573, AG05142, AG27465)
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- U.S. Public Health Service (G18879)
- National Institute on Aging (AG27465, AG-028383, P01AG030128, AG-016573, R01AG027465, 050AG05142, P30AG028383, R01AG027924, AG 05142, R56AG027465, P50AG016573, R56AG057191, P50AG005142, RF1AG046205, P50AG 16970)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR029879)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- apolipoprotein E, amyloid-beta, APOE ε4, Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-beta oligomers, soluble amyloid-beta, APOE isoforms, synaptosomes, amyloid-beta 42, amyloid-beta clearance
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Apolipoproteins E, Brain, Crosses, Genetic, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Humans, Mice, Transgenic, Models, Biological, Models, Genetic, Synaptosomes, Cohort Studies, Biomarkers, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Protein Isoforms, Mice, Apolipoprotein E4, HEK293 Cells
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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