Reliance on emotion promotes belief in fake news
Open accessAbstract
What is the role of emotion in susceptibility to believing fake news? Prior work on the psychology of misinformation has focused primarily on the extent to which reason and deliberation hinder versus help the formation of accurate beliefs. Several studies have suggested that people who engage in more reasoning are less likely to fall for fake news. However, the role of reliance on emotion in belief in fake news remains unclear. To shed light on this issue, we explored the relationship between experiencing specific emotions and believing fake news (Study 1; N = 409). We found that across a wide range of specific emotions, heightened emotionality at the outset of the study was predictive of greater belief in fake (but not real) news posts. Then, in Study 2, we measured and manipulated reliance on emotion versus reason across four experiments (total N = 3884). We found both correlational and causal evidence that reliance on emotion increases belief in fake news: self-reported use of emotion was positively associated with belief in fake (but not real) news, and inducing reliance on emotion resulted in greater belief in fake (but not real) news stories compared to a control or to inducing reliance on reason. These results shed light on the unique role that emotional processing may play in susceptibility to fake news.
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Fake news tends to contain increased negative sentiment.
“Fake news tends to contain increased negative (Martel et al., 2020).”
From The Psycho-Emotive Effects of AI-Generated Fake News on Social Media Users (2026) · cites this paper as Martel et al., 2020
People fall for fake news, in part, because they rely too heavily on emotion.
“People fall for fake news, in part, because they rely too heavily on emotion (Martel et al., 2020).”
From The Psycho-Emotive Effects of AI-Generated Fake News on Social Media Users (2026) · cites this paper as Martel et al., 2020
Priming people with emotion has been demonstrated to hinder people's ability to discern real from fake news.
“and hinder people’s ability to discern real from fake news (54).”
From Deepfake detection by human crowds, machines, and machine-informed crowds (2022) · cites this paper as [54]
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- Authors
- Martel, C., Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. G.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- University of Regina (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Martel, Cameron
- Venue
- Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications
- Published
- 2020-10-07
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 47-47
- ISSN
- 2365-7464 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7539247
- OpenAlex
- W3000970298
- Cited by
- 470
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 93 · 2024: 103 · 2023: 93 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 74.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cognitive Research Principles and Implications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Ethics and Governance of Artificial Intelligence Initiative of the Miami Foundation
- William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
- Omidyar Network
- John Templeton Foundation
- Canadian Institute of Health Research
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (174530)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Deception detection and forensic psychology
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics
- Keywords
- fake news, misinformation, emotional processing, belief formation, misinformation susceptibility, emotionality, reasoning
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Communication, Emotions, Female, Humans, Deception, Male, Psychological Theory, Thinking, Social Media
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