Environmentally data-driven smart sustainable cities: applied innovative solutions for energy efficiency, pollution reduction, and urban metabolism
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Abstract The IoT and big data technologies have become essential to the functioning of both smart cities and sustainable cities, and thus, urban operational functioning and planning are becoming highly responsive to a form of data-driven urbanism. This offers the prospect of building models of smart sustainable cities functioning in real time from routinely sensed data. This in turn allows to monitor, understand, analyze, and plan such cities to improve their energy efficiency and environmental health in real time thanks to new urban intelligence functions as an advanced form of decision support. However, prior studies tend to deal largely with data-driven technologies and solutions in the realm of smart cities, mostly in relation to economic and social aspects, leaving important questions involving the underlying substantive and synergistic effects on environmental sustainability barely explored to date. These issues also apply to sustainable cities, especially eco-cities. Therefore, this paper investigates the potential and role of data-driven smart solutions in improving and advancing environmental sustainability in the context of smart cities as well as sustainable cities, under what can be labeled “environmentally data-driven smart sustainable cities.” To illuminate this emerging urban phenomenon, a descriptive/illustrative case study is adopted as a qualitative research methodology§ to examine and compare Stockholm and Barcelona as the ecologically and technologically leading cities in Europe respectively. The results show that smart grids, smart meters, smart buildings, smart environmental monitoring, and smart urban metabolism are the main data-driven smart solutions applied for improving and advancing environmental sustainability in both eco-cities and smart cities. There is a clear synergy between such solutions in terms of their interaction or cooperation to produce combined effects greater than the sum of their separate effects—with respect to the environment. This involves energy efficiency improvement, environmental pollution reduction, renewable energy adoption, and real-time feedback on energy flows, with high temporal and spatial resolutions. Stockholm takes the lead over Barcelona as regards the best practices for environmental sustainability given its long history of environmental work, strong environmental policy, progressive environmental performance, high environmental standards, and ambitious goals. It also has, like Barcelona, a high level of the implementation of applied data-driven technology solutions in the areas of energy and environment. However, the two cities differ in the nature of such implementation. We conclude that city governments do not have a unified agenda as a form of strategic planning, and data-driven decisions are unique to each city, so are environmental challenges. Big data are the answer, but each city sets its own questions based on what characterize it in terms of visions, policies, strategies, pathways, and priorities.
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Governance and smart eco-cities are deeply intertwined in a self-reinforcing relationship.
“Indeed, governance and smart eco-cities are deeply intertwined in a self-reinforcing relationship.”
From Smarter eco-cities and their leading-edge artificial intelligence of things solutions for environmental sustainability: A comprehensive systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [53]
There is a clear synergy between eco-city and smart city solutions as to producing combined effects greater than the sum of their separate effects concerning energy efficiency and conservation improvement, environmental pollution reduction, renewable energy adoption, and real-time feedback on energy and material flows.
“They also demonstrate the clear synergy between the eco-city and smart city solutions as to producing “combined effects greater than the sum of their separate effects — concerning energy efficiency and conservation improvement, environmental pollution reduction, renewable energy adoption, and real-time feedback on energy and material flows.””
From Smarter eco-cities and their leading-edge artificial intelligence of things solutions for environmental sustainability: A comprehensive systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [53]
Smart grids, smart meters, smart buildings, smart environmental monitoring, and smart urban metabolism are the main data-driven IoT solutions adopted to enhance the performance of data-driven smart cities and smart-eco-cities under the term "environmentally data-driven smart sustainable cities."
“The authors show that smart grids, smart meters, smart buildings, smart environmental monitoring, and smart urban metabolism are the main data-driven IoT solutions adopted to enhance the performance of data-driven smart cities and smart-eco-cities under what they term “environmentally data-driven smart sustainable cities.””
From Smarter eco-cities and their leading-edge artificial intelligence of things solutions for environmental sustainability: A comprehensive systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [53]
Governance is at the core of smart eco-cities, and its key function is to make and implement policy.
“To put it differently, governance is at the core of smart eco-cities (e.g., Refs. [35,53,56,57,155]), and its key function is to make and implement policy.”
From Smarter eco-cities and their leading-edge artificial intelligence of things solutions for environmental sustainability: A comprehensive systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [53]
Building smarter eco-cities requires deploying urban operating systems, urban operations centers, and urban dashboards, and this entails massive amounts of natural resources for developing, installing, and maintaining AI and AIoT ecosystems.
“Concerning the direct effects, building smarter eco-cities requires deploying urban operating systems, urban operations centers, and urban dashboards [53] and thus massive amounts of natural resources for developing, installing, and maintaining AI and AIoT ecosystems.”
From Smarter eco-cities and their leading-edge artificial intelligence of things solutions for environmental sustainability: A comprehensive systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [53]
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The Shaping of Ambient Intelligence and the Internet of Things
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Self-citationManagement of Networks with Constrained Devices: Use Cases
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Self-citationAdvances in the Leading Paradigms of Urbanism and their Amalgamation
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Governing the Smart Sustainable City: the case of Stockholm Royal Seaport
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Self-citationRenewables Global Status Report 2016 (GSR2016)
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Self-citationLarge-Scale Data Challenges in Future Power Grids
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The Human Face of Ambient Intelligence
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Self-citationThe Big Data Deluge for Transforming the Knowledge of Smart Sustainable Cities
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Self-citationThe Development Process of Smart City Strategies: The Case of Barcelona
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An Information Security Architecture for Smart Cities
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Self-citationTowards programmable and scalable IoT infrastructures for smart cities
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Big Data Science and Analytics for Tackling Smart Sustainable Urbanism Complexities
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Bibri SE, Krogstie J (2020c) The data-driven smart sustainable city as a novel model of urbanism: its core principles, strategies, and solutions. J Futures Stud In Press
- Holmes T (2007) Eco-visualization, Paper presented at 6th ACM SIGCHI Conference on Creativity & Cognition -C&C '07. ACM Press, New York, pp 153-162
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bibri, S. E., Krogstie, J., Kaboli, A., & Alahi, A. (2024) · Environmental Science and Ecotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.ese.2023.100330 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Bibri, Simon Elias
- Venue
- Energy Informatics
- Published
- 2020-11-23
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2520-8942 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3109283012
- Cited by
- 224
- References
- 152
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 8.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Energy Informatics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Media Technology › Smart Cities and Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Environmental Quality and Pollution
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Sustainable Design and Development
- Keywords
- smart sustainable cities, data-driven urbanism, environmental sustainability, energy efficiency, pollution reduction, urban metabolism, smart grid, smart meters, smart buildings, environmental monitoring, big data, Internet of Things, sustainable cities, Stockholm, Barcelona, renewable energy, real-time energy feedback
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