Cited by 93Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchCircadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

Molecular Mechanisms of Sleep and Wakefulness

Mackiewicz, Miroslaw, Naidoo, Nirinjini, Zimmerman, John E., Pack, Allan I.·2008·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Major questions on the biology of sleep include the following: what are the molecular functions of sleep; why can wakefulness only be sustained for defined periods before there is behavioral impairment; what genes contribute to the individual differences in sleep and the response to sleep deprivation? Behavioral criteria to define sleep have facilitated identification of sleep states in a number of different model systems: Drosophila, zebrafish, and Caenorhabditis elegans. Each system has unique strengths. Studies in these model systems are identifying conserved signaling mechanisms regulating sleep that are present in mammals. For example, the PKA-CREB signaling mechanism promotes wakefulness in Drosophila, mice, and C. elegans. Microarray studies indicate that genes whose expression is upregulated during sleep are involved in macromolecule biosynthesis (proteins, lipids [including cholesterol], heme). Thus, a key function of sleep is likely to be macromolecule synthesis. Moreover, in all species studied to date, there is upregulation of the molecular chaperone BiP with extended wakefulness. Sleep deprivation leads to cellular ER stress in brain and the unfolded protein response. Identification of genes regulating sleep has the potential for translational studies to elucidate the genetics of sleep and response to sleep deprivation in humans.

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Crossref · 10.1196/annals.1417.030

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  • Sleep is an emergent set of many physiologic processes under primarily neurobiological regulation that impact many physiologic systems.

    “Sleep represents an emergent set of many physiologic processes under primarily neurobiological regulation that impact many physiologic systems.”

    From Sleep, Health, and Society (2017) · cites this paper as [3]

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Authors
Mackiewicz, M., Naidoo, N., Zimmerman, J. E., & Pack, A. I.
Affiliations
University of Pennsylvania (US)
Corresponding author
Pack, Allan I.
Venue
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2008-05
Volume
1129
Issue
1
Pages
335-349
ISSN
  • 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
  • 1749-6632
OpenAlex
W2051160651
Cited by
93
References
136
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
FWCI
0.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute on Aging (P01AG017628, AG 17628)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-66611, P50HL060287, U01HL066611, HL60287)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords
sleep, wakefulness, PKA/CREB signaling, sleep deprivation, individual differences in sleep, macromolecular synthesis, unfolded protein response, endoplasmic reticulum stress, BiP, sleep genes, Drosophila, zebrafish, Caenorhabditis elegans
MeSH terms
Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Homeostasis, Sleep, Synapses, Wakefulness, Models, Animal

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