Cited by 105Phytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesFood Science and Nutritional StudiesMedicinal Plant Research

Composition, Efficacy, and Safety of Spinach Extracts

Lomnitski, Liat, Bergman, Margalit, Nyska, Abraham, Ben-Shaul, Varda, Grossman, Shlomo·2003·Nutrition and Cancer

Abstract

Spinach leaves, containing several active components, including flavonoids, exhibit antioxidative, antiproliferative, and antiinflammatory properties in biological systems. Spinach extracts have been demonstrated to exert numerous beneficial effects, such as chemo- and central nervous system protection and anticancer and antiaging functions. In this review article, we present a compilation of data generated in our laboratories and those of other investigators describing the chemical composition of spinach, its beneficial effects, relative safety information, and its recommended inclusion in the human diet. A powerful, water-soluble, natural antioxidant mixture (NAO), which specifically inhibits the lipoxygenase enzyme, was isolated from spinach leaves. The antioxidative activity of NAO has been compared to that of other known antioxidants and found to be superior in vitro and in vivo to that of green tea, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and vitamin E. NAO has been tested for safety and is well tolerated in several species, such as mouse, rat, and rabbit. NAO has been found to be nonmutagenic and has shown promising anticarcinogenic effects in a few experimental models, such as skin and prostate cancer; it has not shown any target-organ toxicity or side effects. The current review provides epidemiological and preclinical data supporting the efficacy of extracts of spinach and the safety of its consumption.

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Crossref · 10.1207/s15327914nc4602_16

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Authors
Lomnitski, L., Bergman, M., Nyska, A., Ben-Shaul, V., & Grossman, S.
Affiliations
Bar-Ilan University (IL)
Venue
Nutrition and Cancer
Published
2003-07
Volume
46
Issue
2
Pages
222-231
ISSN
  • 0163-5581 (ISSN-L)
  • 1532-7914
OpenAlex
W2028545626
Cited by
105
References
71
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
FWCI
0.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nutrition and Cancer (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food Science and Nutritional Studies
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
Keywords
spinach, spinach extract, lipoxygenase inhibition, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, anticarcinogenic activity, skin cancer, prostate cancer, food safety, dietary phytochemicals, anti-aging
MeSH terms
Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antineoplastic Agents, Antioxidants, Estrogens, Food Hypersensitivity, Health Promotion, Humans, Plant Extracts, Antimutagenic Agents, Spinacia oleracea

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