Cited by 16,280Psychometric Methodologies and TestingStatistical Methods and Bayesian InferenceEducational Assessment and Pedagogy

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 61 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Evaluating Goodness-of-Fit Indexes for Testing Measurement Invariance

Cheung, Gordon W., Rensvold, Roger B.·2002·Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal

DOI 10.1207/s15328007sem0902_5

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Measurement invariance is usually tested using Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis, which examines the change in the goodness-of-fit index (GFI) when cross-group constraints are imposed on a measurement model. Although many studies have examined the properties of GFI as indicators of overall model fit for single-group data, there have been none to date that examine how GFIs change when between-group constraints are added to a measurement model. The lack of a consensus about what constitutes significant GFI differences places limits on measurement invariance testing. We examine 20 GFIs based on the minimum fit function. A simulation under the two-group situation was used to examine changes in the GFIs (ΔGFIs) when invariance constraints were added. Based on the results, we recommend using Δcomparative fit index, ΔGamma hat, and ΔMcDonald's Noncentrality Index to evaluate measurement invariance. These three ΔGFIs are independent of both model complexity and sample size, and are not correlated with the overall fit measures. We propose critical values of these ΔGFIs that indicate measurement invariance.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1207/s15328007sem0902_5

Cites

61 of 61 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151312 · Cited by 109,314
Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224378101800104 · Cited by 109,190
Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124192021002005 · Cited by 27,200
Comparative fit indexes in structural models.
Bentler, P. M. (1990) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238 · Cited by 25,266
Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588 · Cited by 20,015
Structural Equations with Latent Variables
Bollen, K. A. (1989) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118619179 · Cited by 17,944
Structural Equations with Latent Variables.
Clogg, C. C., & Bollen, K. A. (1991) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2072165 · Cited by 17,475
Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification
Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. M. (1998) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.3.4.424 · Cited by 12,298
A Review and Synthesis of the Measurement Invariance Literature: Suggestions, Practices, and Recommendations for Organizational Research
Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/109442810031002 · Cited by 7,997
A Reliability Coefficient for Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis
Tucker, L. R., & Lewis, C. (1973) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02291170 · Cited by 7,330

Show all 59 references

Research works printed but not linked: 8

Boomsma, A. (1982). The robustness of LISREL against small sample sizes in factor analysis models. In K. G. Joreskog & H. Wold (Eds.), Systems under indirect observation: Causality, structure, prediction (Part 1, pp. 149-173). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
10.1037//0021-9010.70.4.662 · DOI
10.1037//0021-9010.78.5.753 · DOI
10.1037//0021-9010.74.4.625 · DOI
10.2307/1163206 · DOI
10.1037//0033-2909.103.3.391 · DOI
10.1037//0021-9010.73.3.574 · DOI
10.1037//0033-2909.114.3.552 · DOI

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 1,195

Leadership as social identity management: Introducing the Identity Leadership Inventory (ILI) to assess and validate a four-dimensional model
Steffens, N. K., Haslam, S. A., Reicher, S. D., Platow, M. J., Fransen, K., Yang, J., Ryan, M. K., Jetten, J., Peters, K., & Boen, F. (2014) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.05.002 · Cited by 537
Dynamics between blockchain adoption determinants and supply chain performance: An empirical investigation
Wamba, S. F., de Queiroz, M. M., & Trinchera, L. (2020) · International Journal of Production Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107791 · Cited by 554
Long and Short Measures of Flow: The Construct Validity of the FSS-2, DFS-2, and New Brief Counterparts
Jackson, S. A., Martin, A. J., & Eklund, R. C. (2008) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.30.5.561 · Cited by 504
Psychometric analysis of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21: results from a large diverse sample of obese and non-obese participants
Cappelleri, J. C., Bushmakin, A. G., Gerber, R. A., Leidy, N. K., Sexton, C. C., Lowe, M. R., & Karlsson, J. (2009) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.74 · Cited by 467
Basic Personal Values and the Meaning of Left‐Right Political Orientations in 20 Countries
Piurko, Y., Schwartz, S. H., & Davidov, E. (2011) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2011.00828.x · Cited by 472
Entrepreneurial intentions in developing and developed countries
Iakovleva, T. A., Kolvereid, L., & Stephan, U. (2011) · Education + Training · doi:10.1108/00400911111147686 · Cited by 471
Organizational identity strength, identification, and commitment and their relationships to turnover intention: does organizational hierarchy matter?
Cole, M. S., & Bruch, H. (2006) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.378 · Cited by 463
Relationships between self-determination and postschool outcomes for youth with disabilities
Shogren, K. A., Wehmeyer, M. L., Palmer, S. B., Rifenbark, G. G., & Little, T. D. (2015) · The Journal of Special Education · doi:10.1177/0022466913489733 · Cited by 468
TEACHER'S CORNER: The MACS Approach to Testing for Multigroup Invariance of a Second-Order Structure: A Walk Through the Process
Byrne, B. M., & Stewart, S. M. (2006) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1207/s15328007sem1302_7 · Cited by 459
Do context and personality matter? Trust and privacy concerns in disclosing private information online
Bansal, G., Zahedi, F. M., & Gefen, D. (2015) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2015.08.001 · Cited by 497
The Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ): Instrument Development and Initial Validity Evidence
Lonsdale, C., Hodge, K. P., & Rose, E. A. (2008) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.30.3.323 · Cited by 502
Translation and Validation of Body Image Instruments: Challenges, Good Practice Guidelines, and Reporting Recommendations for Test Adaptation
Swami, V., & Barron, D. (2019) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.014 · Cited by 454
Creating flexible work arrangements through idiosyncratic deals.
Hornung, S., Rousseau, D. M., & Glaser, J. (2008) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.93.3.655 · Cited by 455
Movement Imagery Ability: Development and Assessment of a Revised Version of the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire
Roberts, R., Callow, N., Hardy, L., Markland, D. A., & Bringer, J. D. (2008) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.30.2.200 · Cited by 466
The Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise Scale
Wilson, P. M., Rogers, W. T., Rodgers, W. M., & Wild, T. C. (2006) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.28.3.231 · Cited by 452
Social networking addiction, attachment style, and validation of the Italian version of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale
Monacis, L., de Palo, V., Griffiths, M. D., & Sinatra, M. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.023 · Cited by 446
Social cognitive career theory and the prediction of interests and choice goals in the computing disciplines
Lent, R. W., Lopez, A. M., Lopez, F. G., & Sheu, H. (2008) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2008.01.002 · Cited by 478
Risk of maternal mortality in women with severe anaemia during pregnancy and post partum: a multilevel analysis
Daru, J., Zamora, J., Fernández-Félix, B. M., Vogel, J., Oladapo, O. T., Morisaki, N., Tunçalp, Ö., Torloni, M. R., Mittal, S., Jayaratne, K., et al. (2018) · The Lancet Global Health · doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30078-0 · Cited by 436
The assessment of school engagement: Examining dimensionality and measurement invariance by gender and race/ethnicity
Wang, M., Willett, J. B., & Eccles, J. S. (2011) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2011.04.001 · Cited by 492
The meaningful life in Japan and the United States: Levels and correlates of meaning in life
Steger, M. F., Kawabata, Y., Shimai, S., & Otake, K. (2007) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2007.09.003 · Cited by 467
Multiple-Group Invariance with Categorical Outcomes Using Updated Guidelines: An Illustration Using M plus and the lavaan/semTools Packages
Svetina, D., Rutkowski, L. A., & Rutkowski, D. (2019) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705511.2019.1602776 · Cited by 434
Evaluating Model Fit With Ordered Categorical Data Within a Measurement Invariance Framework: A Comparison of Estimators
Sass, D. A., Schmitt, T. A., & Marsh, H. W. (2014) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705511.2014.882658 · Cited by 456
Measurement invariance of big-five factors over the life span: ESEM tests of gender, age, plasticity, maturity, and la dolce vita effects.
Marsh, H. W., Nagengast, B., & Morin, A. J. S. (2012) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0026913 · Cited by 457
The Job Insecurity Scale: A psychometric evaluation across five European countries
Elst, T. V., Witte, H. D., & Cuyper, N. D. (2013) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2012.745989 · Cited by 486
Who is the Most Stressed During the COVID‐19 Pandemic? Data From 26 Countries and Areas
Kowal, M., Coll‐Martín, T., İkizer, G., Rasmussen, J. S., Eichel, K., Studzińska, A., Koszałkowska, K., Karwowski, M., Najmussaqib, A., Pankowski, D., et al. (2020) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12234 · Cited by 464
Behavioral and Cognitive Characteristics of Females and Males With Autism in the Simons Simplex Collection
Frazier, T. W., Georgiades, S., Bishop, S. L., & Hardan, A. Y. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.12.004 · Cited by 409
Racial differences in employee retention: Are diversity climate perceptions the key?
McKAY, P. F., AVERY, D. R., TONIDANDEL, S., MORRIS, M. A., HERNANDEZ, M., & HEBL, M. R. (2007) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00064.x · Cited by 561
Measuring Teachers’ enjoyment, anger, and anxiety: The Teacher Emotions Scales (TES)
Frenzel, A. C., Pekrun, R. H., Goetz, T., Daniels, L. M., Durksen, T. L., Becker-Kurz, B., & Klassen, R. M. (2016) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2016.05.003 · Cited by 479
Spotlight on Age‐Diversity Climate: The Impact of Age‐Inclusive HR Practices on Firm‐Level Outcomes
Boehm, S. A., Kunze, F., & Bruch, H. (2013) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/peps.12047 · Cited by 443
Data Collection in the Digital Age: Innovative Alternatives to Student Samples1
Steelman, Z. R., Hammer, B. I., & Limayem, M. (2014) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2014/38.2.02 · Cited by 416
The German Version of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS): Psychometric Properties, Validity, and Population-Based Norms
Glaesmer, H., Grande, G., Braehler, E., & Roth, M. (2011) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000058 · Cited by 485
Assessing the intention to use technology among pre-service teachers in Singapore and Malaysia: A multigroup invariance analysis of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
Teo, T. P., Lee, C. B., Chai, C. S., & Wong, S. L. (2009) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2009.05.017 · Cited by 403
Who Took the “×” out of Expectancy-Value Theory?
Nagengast, B., Marsh, H. W., Scalas, L. F., Xu, M. K., Hau, K., & Trautwein, U. (2011) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611415540 · Cited by 449
The Thorny Relation Between Measurement Quality and Fit Index Cutoffs in Latent Variable Models
McNeish, D., An, J., & Hancock, G. R. (2017) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2017.1281286 · Cited by 452
Mindfulness skills and interpersonal behaviour
Dekeyser, M., Raes, F., Leijssen, M., Leysen, S., & Dewulf, D. (2008) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.11.018 · Cited by 404
Acceptance of artificial intelligence among pre-service teachers: A multigroup analysis
Zhang, C., Schießl, J., Plößl, L., Hofmann, F., & Gläser-Zikuda, M. (2023) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-023-00420-7 · Cited by 413
Intersectionality in Quantitative Psychological Research
Else-Quest, N. M., & Hyde, J. S. (2016) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0361684316647953 · Cited by 441
The Five Cs Model of Positive Youth Development: A Longitudinal Analysis of Confirmatory Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance
Bowers, E. P., Li, Y., Kiely, M. K., Loyd, A. B., Lerner, J. V., & Lerner, R. M. (2010) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-010-9530-9 · Cited by 395
Management Control for Market Transactions: The Relation Between Transaction Characteristics, Incomplete Contract Design, and Subsequent Performance
Anderson, S. W., & Dekker, H. C. (2005) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.1050.0456 · Cited by 389
Public service motivation and organizational citizenship behavior in Korea
Kim, S. (2006) · International Journal of Manpower · doi:10.1108/01437720610713521 · Cited by 388
Adaptability: How students’ responses to uncertainty and novelty predict their academic and non-academic outcomes.
Martin, A. J., Nejad, H. G., Colmar, S., & Liem, G. A. D. (2013) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0032794 · Cited by 450
Antecedents and outcomes of digital influencer endorsement: An exploratory study
Torres, P., Augusto, M., & de Matos, M. O. (2019) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21274 · Cited by 403
Examining the Dimensionality, Reliability, and Invariance of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21) Across Eight Countries
Zanon, C., Brenner, R. E., Baptista, M. N., Vogel, D. L., Rubin, M., Al-Darmaki, F. R., Gonçalves, M., Heath, P. J., Liao, H.-Y., Mackenzie, C. S., et al. (2020) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191119887449 · Cited by 429
Personal and Psychosocial Predictors of Doping Use in Physical Activity Settings: A Meta-Analysis
Ntoumanis, N., Ng, J. Y. Y., Barkoukis, V., & Backhouse, S. H. (2014) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0240-4 · Cited by 387
Stability and Change of Moral Disengagement and Its Impact on Aggression and Violence in Late Adolescence
Paciello, M., Fida, R., Tramontano, C., Lupinetti, C., & Caprara, G. V. (2008) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01189.x · Cited by 372
Behavioral scale reliability and measurement invariance evaluation using latent variable modeling
Raykov, T. (2004) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(04)80041-8 · Cited by 378
Teacher self-efficacy, instructional quality, and student motivational beliefs: An analysis using multilevel structural equation modeling
Burić, I., & Kim, L. E. (2020) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2019.101302 · Cited by 479
Measuring enjoyment of physical activity in older adults: invariance of the physical activity enjoyment scale (paces) across groups and time
Mullen, S. P., Olson, E. A., Phillips, S. M., Szabo‐Reed, A. N., Wójcicki, T. R., Mailey, E. L., Gothe, N. P., Fanning, J. T., Kramer, A. F., & McAuley, E. (2011) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-103 · Cited by 405
Sense of Belonging and Persistence in White and African American First-Year Students
Hausmann, L. R. M., Ye, F., Schofield, J. W., & Woods, R. L. (2009) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s11162-009-9137-8 · Cited by 360
Moderating Effects of Tourists’ Novelty-Seeking Tendencies on Destination Image, Visitor Satisfaction, and Short- and Long-Term Revisit Intentions
Assaker, G., & Hallak, R. (2013) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287513478497 · Cited by 394
A Short Boredom Proneness Scale
Struk, A. A., Carriere, J. S. A., Cheyne, J. A., & Danckert, J. A. (2015) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191115609996 · Cited by 366
Initial validation of the Nine Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake disorder screen (NIAS): A measure of three restrictive eating patterns
Zickgraf, H. F., & Ellis, J. M. (2017) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.11.111 · Cited by 379
Doing the right thing without being told: joint effects of initiative climate and general self-efficacy on employee proactive customer service performance.
Raub, S., & Liao, H. (2012) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0026736 · Cited by 361
Green Knowledge Sharing, Stakeholder Pressure, Absorptive Capacity, and Green Innovation: Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Firms
Song, M., Yang, M. X., Zeng, K. J., & Feng, W. (2020) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.2450 · Cited by 355
The Development and Validation of the Compassion Scale
Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Tóth-Király, I. (2020) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191119874108 · Cited by 345
Does Moral Leadership Enhance Employee Creativity? Employee Identification with Leader and Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) in the Chinese Context
Gu, Q., Tang, T. L., & Jiang, W. (2013) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1967-9 · Cited by 367
Fostering adolescents’ value beliefs for mathematics with a relevance intervention in the classroom.
Gaspard, H., Dicke, A., Flunger, B., Brisson, B. M., Häfner, I., Nagengast, B., & Trautwein, U. (2015) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000028 · Cited by 401
Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9)
Balducci, C., Fraccaroli, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2010) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000020 · Cited by 417
Developing supplier integration capabilities for sustainable competitive advantage: A dynamic capabilities approach
Vanpoucke, E., Vereecke, A., & Wetzels, M. G. M. (2014) · Journal of Operations Management · doi:10.1016/j.jom.2014.09.004 · Cited by 375
Testing measurement invariance in longitudinal data with ordered-categorical measures.
Liu, Y., Millsap, R. E., West, S. G., Tein, J.-Y., Tanaka, R., & Grimm, K. J. (2017) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/met0000075 · Cited by 351
Divided we stand: Three psychological regions of the United States and their political, economic, social, and health correlates.
Rentfrow, P. J., Gosling, S. D., Jokela, M. M., Stillwell, D. J., Kosiński, M., & Potter, J. (2013) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0034434 · Cited by 382
Validation of the Eight-Item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Among Older Adults
Karim, J., Weisz, R., Bibi, Z., & Rehman, S. U. (2014) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-014-9281-y · Cited by 373
Distinguishing Voice and Silence at Work: Unique Relationships with Perceived Impact, Psychological Safety, and Burnout
Sherf, E. N., Parke, M. R., & Isaakyan, S. (2021) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2018.1428 · Cited by 349
More value through greater differentiation: Gender differences in value beliefs about math.
Gaspard, H., Dicke, A., Flunger, B., Schreier, B. M., Häfner, I., Trautwein, U., & Nagengast, B. (2014) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/edu0000003 · Cited by 395
Longitudinal tests of competing factor structures for the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Traits, ephemeral artifacts, and stable response styles.
Marsh, H. W., Scalas, L. F., & Nagengast, B. (2010) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0019225 · Cited by 349
Dandelions, tulips and orchids: evidence for the existence of low-sensitive, medium-sensitive and high-sensitive individuals
Lionetti, F., Aron, A. P., Aron, E. N., Burns, G. L., Jagiellowicz, J., & Pluess, M. (2018) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-017-0090-6 · Cited by 357
Teacher–student relationships and students’ engagement in high school: Does the number of negative and positive relationships with teachers matter?
Martin, A. J., & Collie, R. J. (2018) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/edu0000317 · Cited by 424
Environmental sensitivity in children: Development of the Highly Sensitive Child Scale and identification of sensitivity groups.
Pluess, M., Assary, E., Lionetti, F., Lester, K. J., Krapohl, E. M. L., Aron, E. N., & Aron, A. P. (2017) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000406 · Cited by 345
Cross-cultural adaptation of the Health Education Impact Questionnaire: experimental study showed expert committee, not back-translation, added value
Epstein, J., Osborne, R. H., Elsworth, G. R., Beaton, D., & Guillemin, F. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.07.013 · Cited by 357
Predicting Students’ Physical Activity and Health-Related Well-Being: A Prospective Cross-Domain Investigation of Motivation Across School Physical Education and Exercise Settings
Standage, M., Gillison, F., Ntoumanis, N., & Treasure, D. C. (2012) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.34.1.37 · Cited by 370
Why Are Chinese Mothers More Controlling Than American Mothers? “My Child Is My Report Card”
Ng, F. F., Pomerantz, E. M., & Deng, C. (2013) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12102 · Cited by 356
Relations between teachers’ emotional exhaustion and students’ educational outcomes.
Arens, A. K., & Morin, A. J. S. (2016) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/edu0000105 · Cited by 339
What's mine is yours (for a nominal fee) – Exploring the spectrum of utilitarian to altruistic motives for Internet-mediated sharing
Bucher, E. L., Fieseler, C., & Lutz, C. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.002 · Cited by 360
Sixteen going on sixty-six: A longitudinal study of personality stability and change across 50 years.
Damian, R. I., Spengler, M., Sutu, A., & Roberts, B. W. (2018) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000210 · Cited by 376
A relational model of sexual minority mental and physical health: The negative effects of shame on relationships, loneliness, and health.
Mereish, E. H., & Poteat, V. P. (2015) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000088 · Cited by 384
The Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sport Scale
Kavussanu, M., & Boardley, I. D. (2009) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.31.1.97 · Cited by 333
Meaning is about mattering: Evaluating coherence, purpose, and existential mattering as precursors of meaning in life judgments.
Costin, V., & Vignoles, V. L. (2019) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000225 · Cited by 375
Causality Between High-Performance Work Systems and Organizational Performance
Shin, D., & Konrad, A. M. (2014) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206314544746 · Cited by 386
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) among undergraduates and depressive patients
He, J., Zhong, X. B., Gao, Y., Xiong, G., & Yao, S. (2019) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.03.009 · Cited by 332
Social media use intensity, social media use problems, and mental health among adolescents: Investigating directionality and mediating processes
Boer, M., Stevens, G. W. J. M., Finkenauer, C., de Looze, M. E., & van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106645 · Cited by 335
Bias and Equivalence in Cross-Cultural Research
He, J., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2012) · Online Readings in Psychology and Culture · doi:10.9707/2307-0919.1111 · Cited by 331
Teachers' AI-TPACK: exploring the relationship between knowledge elements
Ning, Y., Zhang, C., Xu, B., Zhou, Y., & Wijaya, T. T. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16030978 · Cited by 330
A 2 × 2 Achievement Goals Questionnaire for Sport: Evidence for Factorial Invariance, Temporal Stability, and External Validity
Conroy, D. E., Elliot, A. J., & Hofer, S. M. (2003) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.25.4.456 · Cited by 330
Assessing Between-Group Differences in Information Systems Research: A Comparison of Covariance- and component-Based SEM1
Qureshi, I., & Compeau, D. (2009) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/20650285 · Cited by 335
Perseverance Counts but Consistency Does Not! Validating the Short Grit Scale in a Collectivist Setting
Datu, J. A. D., Valdez, J. P. M., & King, R. B. (2015) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-015-9374-2 · Cited by 328
Conceptualizing and Measuring Transformational and Transactional Leadership
Jensen, U. T., Andersen, L. B., Bro, L. L., Bøllingtoft, A., Eriksen, T. L. M., Holten, A., Jacobsen, C. B., Ladenburg, J., Nielsen, P. A., Salomonsen, H. H., et al. (2016) · Administration & Society · doi:10.1177/0095399716667157 · Cited by 424
A multi‐dimensional measure of vocational identity status
Porfeli, E. J., Lee, B., Vondracek, F. W., & Weigold, I. K. (2011) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.02.001 · Cited by 327
Self-Efficacy for Self-Regulated Learning
Usher, E. L., & Pajares, F. (2007) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164407308475 · Cited by 403
Perceived Autonomy Support in Physical Education and Leisure-Time Physical Activity: A Cross-Cultural Evaluation of the Trans-Contextual Model.
Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., Barkoukis, V., Wang, C. K. J., & Baranowski, J. (2005) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.97.3.376 · Cited by 317
Negotiating the Transition to College: Developmental Trajectories and Gender Differences in Psychological Functioning, Cognitive-Affective Strategies, and Social Well-Being
Conley, C. S., Kirsch, A. C., Dickson, D. A., & Bryant, F. B. (2014) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/2167696814521808 · Cited by 315
Assessing Model Fit: Caveats and Recommendations for Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling
Perry, J. L., Nicholls, A. R., Clough, P., & Crust, L. (2015) · Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science · doi:10.1080/1091367x.2014.952370 · Cited by 328
Examining antecedents of consumers’ pro-environmental behaviours: TPB extended with materialism and innovativeness
Alzubaidi, H., Slade, E. L., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2020) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.01.017 · Cited by 352
Parental Burnout Around the Globe: a 42-Country Study
Roskam, I., Aguiar, J., Akgün, E., Arıkan, G., Artavia, M., Avalosse, H., Aunola, K., Bader, M., Bahati, C., Barham, E. J., et al. (2021) · Affective Science · doi:10.1007/s42761-020-00028-4 · Cited by 423
Clarifying the structure and nature of left-wing authoritarianism.
Costello, T. H., Bowes, S. M., Stevens, S. T., Waldman, I. D., Tasimi, A., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2021) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000341 · Cited by 350
The development of the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS)
Bőthe, B., Tóth-Király, I., Zsila, Á., Griffiths, M. D., Demetrovics, Z., & Orosz, G. (2018) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2017.1291798 · Cited by 317
Confirmatory Factor Analytic Procedures for the Determination of Measurement Invariance
French, B., & Finch, W. H. (2006) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1207/s15328007sem1303_3 · Cited by 325
Antecedents of academic emotions: Testing the internal/external frame of reference model for academic enjoyment
Goetz, T., Frenzel, A. C., Hall, N. C., & Pekrun, R. H. (2007) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2006.12.002 · Cited by 348
Values and Support for Immigration : A Cross-Country Comparison
Davidov, E., Meuleman, B., Billiet, J., & Schmidt, P. (2008) · European Sociological Review · doi:10.1093/esr/jcn020 · Cited by 321
Predicting the brighter and darker sides of interpersonal relationships: Does psychological need thwarting matter?
Costa, S., Ntoumanis, N., & Bartholomew, K. J. (2014) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-014-9427-0 · Cited by 355
Usability and Sociability in Online Communities: A Comparative Study of Knowledge Seeking and Contribution
Phang, C. W., Kankanhalli, A., & Sabherwal, R. (2009) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1jais.00210 · Cited by 311

Authors: Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B.
Affiliations: Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
City University of Hong Kong (HK)
ORCID: Cheung, Gordon W.
Venue: Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2002-04
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
Pages: 233-255
ISSN: 1070-5511 (ISSN-L)
1532-8007
DOI: 10.1207/s15328007sem0902_5
OpenAlex: W2089871805
Cited by: 16,280
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 1791 · 2025: 1391 · 2024: 1235 · 2023: 1334 · 2022: 1220 · 2021: 1260 · 2020: 1112 · 2019: 1016 · 2018: 935 · 2017: 829 · 2016: 756 · 2015: 695 · 2014: 595 · 2013: 522 · 2012: 396
FWCI: 42.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal (publishedVersion)
Funders: University Grants Committee
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
Social Sciences › Education › Educational Assessment and Pedagogy
Keywords: measurement invariance, goodness of fit index, multi-group confirmatory factor analysis, comparative fit index, critical values, simulation study

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Evaluating Goodness-of-Fit Indexes for Testing Measurement Invariance

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks