Response to Carbohydrate and Fat Refeeding in the Expression of Genes Involved in Nutrient Partitioning and Metabolism: Striking Effects on Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Induction
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of carbohydrate (CHO) and fat intake on the expression of key genes related with nutrient partitioning and metabolism in main tissues involved in energy metabolism (white adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle). Rats were studied under different conditions: feeding state, 24 h fasting, and 12 h refeeding after 24 h fasting with isocaloric amounts of CHO or fat. Fat, but not CHO, refeeding was associated with an increase in serum and liver triglyceride content. Main changes in gene expression elicited by CHO compared with fat refeeding were: 1) higher expression levels of genes related with lipogenesis (PPARgamma2, ChREBP, FAS), glucose uptake and metabolism (GLUT4, HKII), fatty acid uptake (LPL, CD36), and lipolysis (ATGL, HSL) in white adipose tissue; 2) higher expression levels of genes related with lipogenesis (FAS, SCD1) but lower ones related with fatty acid uptake (CD36) and oxidation (PPARalpha, CPT1, PDK4) in liver; and 3) higher expression levels of GLUT4 but lower ones related with fatty acid oxidation (PDK4 and UCP3) in muscle. It is worth mentioning that both CHO and fat refeeding resulted in a robust increase in both hepatic mRNA and circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor-21, compared with fasted levels. In summary, these results, showing marked differences in gene expression after CHO and fat refeeding, can explain diet-associated differences in fuel handling and partitioning between tissues; in addition, a role of fibroblast growth factor-21 in metabolic adaptations, not only in the ketotic state but also to face an unbalanced nutritional situation, is suggested.
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Hepatic mRNA and plasma protein levels of FGF21 are induced by high sugar intake through a ChREBP-dependent mechanism.
“Hepatic mRNA and plasma protein levels of FGF21 are induced by high sugar intake through a mechanism dependent on the transcription factor ChREBP22–25”
From Metabolic messengers: FGF21 (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
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- Authors
- Sánchez, J., Palou, A., & Picó, C.
- Affiliations
- Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics), University of the Balearic Islands and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Palou, A.
- ORCID
- Palou, A.
- Venue
- Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2009-10-16
- Volume
- 150
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 5341-5350
- ISSN
- 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7170
- OpenAlex
- W1968522594
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 11 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fibroblast Growth Factor Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Keywords
- carbohydrate refeeding, FGF21, nutrient partitioning, energy metabolism, white adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, fasting, lipogenesis, lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, glucose uptake, GLUT4, PPARγ, PPARα, triglycerides, gene expression
- MeSH terms
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase, Animals, Blood Glucose, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Energy Metabolism, Fibroblast Growth Factors, Gene Expression Regulation, Insulin, Lipolysis, Liver, Male, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Triglycerides, Rats, Wistar, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Muscle, Skeletal, CD36 Antigens, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Lipogenesis, Glucose Transporter Type 4, Rats, Adipose Tissue, White
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