Low-protein and methionine, high-starch diets increase energy intake and expenditure, increase FGF21, decrease IGF-1, and have little effect on adiposity in mice
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Low-protein diets most often induce increased energy intake in an attempt to increase protein intake to meet protein needs with a risk of accumulation as fat of the excess energy intake. In female adult BALB/c mice, a decrease in dietary casein from 20% to 6% and 3% increased energy intake and slightly increased adiposity, and this response was exacerbated with soy proteins with low methionine content. The effect on fat mass was however limited because total energy expenditure increased to the same extent as energy intake. Lean body mass was preserved in all 6% fed mice and reduced only in 3% casein-fed animals. Insulin response to an oral glucose tolerance test was reduced in soy-fed mice and in low-protein-fed mice. Low-protein diets did not affect uncoupling protein 1 and increased fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in brown adipose tissue and increased FGF21, fatty acid synthase, and cluster of differentiation 36 in the liver. In the hypothalamus, neuropeptide Y was increased and proopiomelanocortin was decreased only in 3% casein-fed mice. In plasma, when protein was decreased, insulin-like growth factor-1 decreased and FGF21 increased and plasma FGF21 was best described by using a combination of dietary protein level, protein-to-carbohydrate ratio, and protein-to-methionine ratio in the diet. In conclusion, reducing dietary protein and protein quality increases energy intake but also energy expenditure resulting in an only slight increase in adiposity. In this process, FGF21 is probably an important signal that responds to a complex combination of protein restriction, protein quality, and carbohydrate content of the diet.
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Low-protein diets induce hyperphagia, particularly in rodent models.
“a number of studies demonstrate that low-protein diets induce hyperphagia, particularly in rodent models”
From FGF21 and the physiological regulation of macronutrient preference (2020) · cites this paper as [78]
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FGF21 and the physiological regulation of macronutrient preference
Hill, C. M., Qualls-Creekmore, E., Berthoud, H.-R., Soto, P., Yu, S., McDougal, D. H., Münzberg, H., & Morrison, C. D. (2020) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqaa019 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Tomé, D., Chaumontet, C., Even, P. C., Darcel, N., & Azzout-Marniche, D. (2019) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.03.012 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
- Authors
- Chaumontet, C., Azzout-Marniche, D., Blais, A., Piedcoq, J., Tomé, D., Gaudichon, C., & Even, P. C.
- Affiliations
- AgroParisTech (FR)
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
- Corresponding author
- Even, Patrick C.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2019-05-01
- Volume
- 316
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- R486-R501
- ISSN
- 0363-6119 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1490
- OpenAlex
- W2913705822
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 2.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fibroblast Growth Factor Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Keywords
- low-protein diet, methionine restriction, high-starch diet, energy intake, energy expenditure, FGF21, insulin-like growth factor I, adiposity, casein, soy protein, protein quality, insulin resistance, UCP1, brown adipose tissue, fatty acid synthase, CD36, hypothalamic neuropeptides, proopiomelanocortin, neuropeptide Y, lean body mass, fat mass, protein-carbohydrate ratio
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Animals, Animal Feed, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Energy Intake, Dietary Carbohydrates, Energy Metabolism, Female, Fibroblast Growth Factors, Hypothalamus, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Liver, Methionine, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Nutritive Value, Starch, Biomarkers, Down-Regulation, Up-Regulation, Diet, Protein-Restricted, Adiposity
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