Cited by 171Circadian rhythm and melatoninHormonal and reproductive studiesHypothalamic control of reproductive hormones

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Effects of Acutely Displaced Sleep on Testosterone

Axelsson, John, Ingre, Michael, Åkerstedt, Torbjörn, Holmbäck, Ulf·2005·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

DOI 10.1210/jc.2005-0520

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Abstract

CONTEXT: It is not yet clear whether the diurnal variation in testosterone is regulated by circadian or homeostatic (sleep) influences. OBJECTIVE: The present study tested whether testosterone is driven by a circadian-independent sleep effect by shifting sleep acutely to daytime in a 24-h sampling regiment. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In the sleep laboratory, seven healthy young men (age, 22-32 yr) participated in three conditions: habituation (sleep between 2300-0700 h), night sleep (2300-0700 h), and day sleep (0700-1500 h), the latter two in a balanced order. INTERVENTION AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Serum testosterone was, in all conditions, sampled by hourly blood drawing for 24 h during constant bed rest. RESULTS: Mean testosterone levels increased as a log-linear function of time (hours) across both sleep periods (b = 4.88; P < 0.001), from 15.3 +/- 2.1 to 25.3 +/- 2.2 nmol/liter during night sleep and from 17.3 +/- 2.1 to 26.4 +/- 2.9 nmol/liter during day sleep. Similarly, mean testosterone levels decreased with time (log-linear) awake (b = -1.80; P < 0.001). There was also evidence of a weak circadian component (acrophase ranging between 0651-0924 h) and an increase with time in the laboratory. Moreover, all these effects, except for the increase during sleep, differed significantly between individuals. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, testosterone increased during sleep and fell during waking, whereas circadian effects seemed marginal. Individual differences were pronounced.

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Authors: Axelsson, J., Ingre, M., Åkerstedt, T., & Holmbäck, U.
Affiliations: Karolinska Institutet (SE)
Uppsala University (SE)
Corresponding author: Axelsson, John
ORCID: Axelsson, John
Ingre, Michael
Åkerstedt, Torbjörn
Holmbäck, Ulf
Venue: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 2005-08
Volume: 90
Issue: 8
Pages: 4530-4535
ISSN: 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
1945-7197
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2005-0520
OpenAlex: W2089025220
Cited by: 171
References: 41
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 2.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Keywords: testosterone, sleep, circadian rhythm, diurnal variation, sleep timing, nocturnal sleep, homeostatic regulation, individual differences
MeSH terms: Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Male, Regression Analysis, Sleep, Testosterone, Wakefulness

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Effects of Acutely Displaced Sleep on Testosterone

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