Circulating adiponectin and expression of adiponectin receptors in human skeletal muscle: Associations with metabolic parameters and insulin resistance and regulation by physical training
Abstract
CONTEXT: Adiponectin, an adipocyte-secreted hormone, is associated with insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE: The physiological regulation of circulating adiponectin levels and mRNA expression of its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) in skeletal muscle remains to be fully elucidated. DESIGN/PATIENTS: We assessed circulating adiponectin and AdipoR1/R2 mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle in a cross-sectional study of 140 subjects with normal or impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes. In the context of an interventional study, the same measurements were performed in 60 of these subjects (20/glucose tolerance group) before and after 4 wk of physical training. Finally, we measured these same variables in addition to protein levels of AMP kinase (AMPK), acetyl phosphorylated AMPK, coenzyme A carboxylase, phosphorylated coenzyme A carboxylase, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in muscle before and after 3 h of intensive exercise in a subgroup of five subjects. SETTING: This study was performed at an academic clinical research center. RESULTS: Circulating adiponectin was negatively associated, whereas AdipoR1/R2 mRNA levels were positively associated with obesity, glucose and lipid levels, and insulin resistance. Physical training for 4 wk resulted in increased circulating adiponectin levels and AdipoR1/R2 mRNA expression in muscle. Exercise for 3 h increased AdipoR1/R2 mRNA expression as well as phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase in muscle, but had no effect on circulating adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS: Adiponectin, AdipoR1, and AdipoR2 are all associated with body composition, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic parameters. Physical training increases circulating adiponectin and mRNA expression of its receptors in muscle, which may mediate the improvement of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome in response to exercise.
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These rises correlated with improved insulin sensitivity.
“Once again, these rises correlated with improved insulin sensitivity [82,83].”
From Adiponectin and Its Mimics on Skeletal Muscle: Insulin Sensitizers, Fat Burners, Exercise Mimickers, Muscling Pills … or Everything Together? (2020) · cites this paper as [82]
Chronic exercise (4-12 weeks) induced a rise in total plasma ApN or in the ratio between HMW/total ApN in some human cohorts: subjects with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes, and in patients with hypertension.
“Likewise, chronic exercise (4–12 weeks) induced a rise in total plasma ApN or in the ratio between HMW/total ApN in some human cohorts: subjects with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes, and in patients with hypertension [82,83,84].”
From Adiponectin and Its Mimics on Skeletal Muscle: Insulin Sensitizers, Fat Burners, Exercise Mimickers, Muscling Pills … or Everything Together? (2020) · cites this paper as [82]
Chronic exercise training also induced an increase in muscle AdipoR1 expression in rodents and in humans.
“Chronic exercise training also induced an increase in muscle AdipoR1 expression in rodents [80,87,88] and in humans [82,83].”
From Adiponectin and Its Mimics on Skeletal Muscle: Insulin Sensitizers, Fat Burners, Exercise Mimickers, Muscling Pills … or Everything Together? (2020) · cites this paper as [82]
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- Authors
- Blüher, M., Bullen, J. W., Lee, J. H., Kralisch, S., Fasshauer, M., Klöting, N., Niebauer, J., Schön, M. R., Williams, C. J., & Mantzoros, C. S.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2006-06
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2310-2316
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2162750087
- Cited by
- 293
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 20.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK057521, R01 DK 58785, R01DK058785, P30DK57521)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- adiponectin, adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1, AdipoR2, skeletal muscle, insulin resistance, exercise training, physical activity, AMP kinase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, type 2 diabetes, glucose tolerance, metabolic syndrome, obesity, body composition
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Receptors, Cell Surface, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Muscle, Skeletal, Leptin, Adiponectin, Receptors, Adiponectin
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