The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 3 of the 17 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans
Abstract
Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors. The "gold standard" glucose clamp and minimal model analysis are two established methods for determining insulin sensitivity in vivo, but neither is easily implemented in large studies. Thus, it is of interest to develop a simple, accurate method for assessing insulin sensitivity that is useful for clinical investigations. We performed both hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic glucose clamp and insulin-modified frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance tests on 28 nonobese, 13 obese, and 15 type 2 diabetic subjects. We obtained correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity from glucose clamp studies (SI(Clamp)) and minimal model analysis (SI(MM)) that were comparable to previous reports (r = 0.57). We performed a sensitivity analysis on our data and discovered that physiological steady state values [i.e. fasting insulin (I(0)) and glucose (G(0))] contain critical information about insulin sensitivity. We defined a quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI = 1/[log(I(0)) + log(G(0))]) that has substantially better correlation with SI(Clamp) (r = 0.78) than the correlation we observed between SI(MM) and SI(Clamp). Moreover, we observed a comparable overall correlation between QUICKI and SI(Clamp) in a totally independent group of 21 obese and 14 nonobese subjects from another institution. We conclude that QUICKI is an index of insulin sensitivity obtained from a fasting blood sample that may be useful for clinical research.
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The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“A well accepted alternative for estimating insulin sensitivity involves minimal model analysis of a frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) (9 -11).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > I NSULIN IS
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [9] Bergman, 1987, Equivalence of the insulin sensitivity index in man derived by the minimal model method and the euglycemic glucose clamp., J Clin Invest source
The Introduction describes minimal-model analysis of a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test as an alternative to the glucose clamp. The Discussion reports that it yielded an equivalent measure of insulin sensitivity in the study, while noting that wider validation would be needed before recommending general use. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] 1989, Lilly lecture 1989. Toward physiological understanding of glucose tolerance. Minimal-model approach., Diabetes source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] Saad, 1997, Differences between the tolbutamide-boosted and the insulin-modified minimal model protocols., Diabetes source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, we observed a comparable overall correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp in a totally independent group of 21 obese and 14 nonobese subjects from another institution.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, as expected, the obese and diabetic subjects were significantly more insulin resistant than the nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
- Also stated in: § Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity · plain
“As expected, when subjects were evaluated with the gold standard glucose clamp method, obese subjects were more insulin resistant, on the average, than nonobese subjects, and diabetics were the most insulin-resistant group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp studies
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We performed a sensitivity analysis on our data and discovered that physiological steady state values [i.e.fasting insulin (I 0 ) and glucose (G 0 )] contain critical information about insulin sensitivity.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the linear regression analysis of the subgroups corresponded more closely to the overall regression line when comparing QUICKI and SI Clamp .”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, QUICKI derived from the average results of two fasting blood samples (over 10 min) was similar to QUICKI calculated from a single sample.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interestingly, we found that the product of fasting insulin and glucose yielded an index of insulin sensitivity that was applicable to both dia-betic and nondiabetic subjects.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The basal glucose levels in the diabetic group were significantly elevated compared with those in the other groups (166 Ϯ 15 mg/dL; P Ͻ 4 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Insulin-modified FSIVGTT studies
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Note that in contrast to the minimal model-derived SI MM , we were able to calculate meaningful values of QUICKI for all diabetic subjects studied.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“QUICKI was calculated for all study subjects (mean, 0.382 Ϯ 0.007, 0.331 Ϯ 0.010, and 0.304 Ϯ 0.007 for nonobese, obese, and diabetic subjects, respectively).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
- It may state two separate claims as one. 15
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Alternatively, periodic oscillations in insulin secretion (both ultradian and 10-to 15-min periods) have been reported in healthy subjects and may also contribute to the weaker correlation in this subgroup (21,22).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] Polonsky, 1998, Temporal profiles and clinical significance of pulsatile insulin secretion., Horm Res source
- Supportedcites [22] Polonsky, 1988, Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects., J Clin Invest source
The Discussion ('O Normal') describes rapid insulin pulsations in the 10–14-minute range and slower ultradian oscillations of 1–3 hours. It presents the slower oscillations in normal subjects as a finding of this study and reports the rapid pulsations from earlier studies, supporting the claim that both have been reported in healthy subjects. (LLM, conf=0.93)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Alternatively, periodic oscillations in insulin secretion (both ultradian and 10-to 15-min periods) have been reported in healthy subjects and may also contribute to the weaker correlation in this subgroup (21,22).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] Polonsky, 1998, Temporal profiles and clinical significance of pulsatile insulin secretion., Horm Res source
- Partly supportedcites [22] Polonsky, 1988, Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects., J Clin Invest sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The discussion (section “O Normal”; page not provided) reports ultradian insulin-secretion oscillations in normal subjects and describes rapid 10–14-minute pulsations. It does not examine QUICKI, clamp-derived insulin sensitivity, or whether oscillations weaken the correlation between them in a nonobese subgroup. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We obtained correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity from glucose clamp studies (SI Clamp ) and minimal model analysis (SI MM ) that were com-parable to previous reports (r ϭ 0.57).”
- Also stated in: § Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity · plain
“The overall correlation coefficient (r) calculated from a linear least squares regression was 0.57 (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, linear regression analysis for the subgroups revealed that the regression line for the diabetic and obese subgroups had a very different slope than that for the nonobese group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When correlations between QUICKI and SI Clamp were calculated for each group separately, we found that r ϭ 0.49 for nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 0.01), r ϭ 0.89 for obese subjects (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ), and r ϭ 0.7 for diabetic subjects (P Ͻ 4 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reassuringly, in these independent studies, we found that the overall correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp was similar to that in our original analysis (r ϭ 0.77; P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ11 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both obese and diabetic subjects had significantly greater BMIs and fasting insulin levels than the nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 6 ϫ 10 Ϫ6 ), consistent with the presence of obesity and insulin resistance.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Study subjects
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This analysis yielded r ϭ 0.74 for obese subjects (n ϭ 21) and r ϭ 0.91 for nonobese subjects (n ϭ 14), with an overall correlation coefficient of r ϭ 0.90 (n ϭ 35).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the correlation coefficient for the nonobese subgroup was 0.49, and the greatest variability in the correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp was observed among the most insulin-sensitive subjects.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As expected, the fasting glucose levels for both nonobese and obese groups were normal, whereas the diabetic group had elevated levels.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Study subjects
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similar to our results from glucose clamp studies (and in contrast to minimal model results), insulin sensitivity as assessed by QUICKI was highest in the nonobese group, intermediate in the obese group, and lowest in the diabetic group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors.”
- Also stated in: § I NSULIN IS · plain
“plays an important pathophysiological role in diabetes (1,2).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 1988, Lilly lecture 1987. The triumvirate: β-cell, muscle, liver. A collusion responsible for NIDDM., Diabetes
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] DeFronzo, 1992, Pathogenesis of NIDDM. A balanced overview., Diabetes Care source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § I NSULIN IS · plain
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Steady state conditions were generally achieved about 2 h after the initiation of each study and were maintained for at least 60 min.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp studies
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The overall correlation we obtained between SI Clamp and SI MM was comparable to previous reports whose study subjects included diabetics, suggesting that our studies were technically adequate.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, QUICKI provides a reproducible and robust estimate of insulin sensitivity, because equally strong correlations with SI Clamp were obtained when fasting data from either the glucose clamp or FSIVGTT studies were used to calculate QUICKI.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, this effect is unlikely to be occurring in our studies, because fasting samples were obtained at the same time in the morning for each subject, and calculating QUICKI from the average of several blood samples (instead of a single sample) did not significantly affect our correlations.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, in analyzing an independent dataset, we observed very similar correlations between QUICKI and SI Clamp , strongly suggesting that QUICKI is a robust index of insulin sensitivity.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The inability of the minimal model to identify meaningful values for SI MM in a large fraction of our diabetic subjects is consistent with the experience of others and is most likely related to well described difficulties in estimating SI MM under conditions of inadequate insulin secretion (12).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Saad, 1994, A comparison between the minimal model and the glucose clamp in the assessment of insulin sensitivity across the spectrum of glucose tolerance. Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study., Diabetes source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“Studies in the same subject were performed at least 1 week apart, and the order of the studies was randomized.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Subjects and Methods
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We conclude that QUICKI is an index of insulin sensitivity obtained from a fasting blood sample that may be useful for clinical research.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“QUICKI is a novel, simple, accurate, and reproducible method for determining insulin sensitivity in humans that may be a useful tool in large epidemiological investigations that study the role of insulin resistance in the pathophysiology of important public health problems such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Potential limitations to QUICKI include difficulty in applying it to subjects with type 1 diabetes who lack endogenous insulin secretion.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
The glucose clamp is the gold standard method for directly measuring insulin sensitivity in vivo.
“Although the glucose clamp is considered to be the gold standard method for directly measuring insulin sensitivity in vivo, it can be implemented in a number of different ways.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The distribution of fasting insulin values is skewed.
“One rational for these transformations is the fact that the distribution of fasting insulin values is skewed.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A recent placebo-controlled trial of ursodiol in NASH found that a proportion of patients receiving placebo had decreases in steatosis, but that improvements in inflammation and cell injury were uncommon.30”
From A pilot study of pioglitazone treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2004) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“ndirect estimates of insulin resistance, such as HOMA-IR 63 and QUICKI, 64 are derived from fasting S-insulin and glucose concentrations and have been widely used in both nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects as surrogates of insulin sensitivity.65,66”
From Increased liver fat, impaired insulin clearance, and hepatic and adipose tissue insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. (2008) · cites this paper as [64]
Citations
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Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
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The Triumvirate: β-Cell, Muscle, Liver: A Collusion Responsible for NIDDM
DeFronzo, R. A. (1988) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.37.6.667 · Cited by 2,456
Pathogenesis of NIDDM. A balanced overview.
DeFronzo, R. A., Bonadonna, R. C., & Ferrannini, E. (1992) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.15.3.318 · Cited by 2,085
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Toward Physiological Understanding of Glucose Tolerance: Minimal-Model Approach
Bergman, R. N. (1989) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.38.12.1512 · Cited by 1,001
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Calvo‐Romero, J. M., & Ramiro-Lozano, J. M. (2015) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2015.09.008 · Cited by 18
Shahinfar, H., Amini, M. R., Payandeh, N., Naghshi, S., Sheikhhossein, F., Djafarian, K., & Shab‐Bidar, S. (2021) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.2258 · Cited by 18
“Multivariate adjusted means were performed to evaluate the relationship between tertiles of PDI, uPDI and hPDI with other variables including osteocalcin, urine CTX-I, hs-CRP, 25(OH) D, PTH, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, and QUICKI (adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, physical activity, marital status, disease and energy i…”
MethodInfluentialKazé, A. D., Musani, S. K., Correa, A., Bertoni, A. G., Golden, S. H., Abdalla, M., & Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B. (2021) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000002920 · Cited by 18
“However, we used a comprehensive approach utilizing four indices, which assess different aspects of insulin resistance, and are excellent surrogates of the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp method [6,22].”
MethodParacha, A. I., Haroon, Z. H., Aamir, M., & Bibi, A. (2021) · Journal of College of Physicians And Surgeons Pakistan · doi:10.29271/jcpsp.2021.09.1015 · Cited by 20
“Whereas, QUICKI was estimated by using the equation, QUICKI = [1/(log fasting Insulin + log fasting glucose)].(13) Patients with QUICKI < 0.”
MethodMicielska, K., Flis, M., Kortas, J. A., Rodziewicz-Flis, E. A., Antosiewicz, J., Wochna, K., Lombardi, G., & Ziemann, E. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13124393 · Cited by 19
“In order to define each participant’s insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance, the two well-described indexes were used as follow: the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI; used formula: QUICKI = 1/(log serum insulin μU·mL−1 + log fasting plasma glucose mg·dL−1 [28]) and homoeostasis model assessmen…”
MethodLiu, S., Hong, L., Mo, M., Xiao, S., Wang, X., Fan, X., Zhang, S., Diao, L., & Zeng, Y. (2022) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-022-04518-0 · Cited by 18
“QUICKI is a validated surrogate marker for insulin resistance and has good agreement with gold standard hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp [19].”
ResultThe Degree of Menstrual Disturbance Is Associated With the Severity of Insulin Resistance in PCOS
Li, X., Yang, D., Pan, P., Azziz, R., Yang, D., Cheng, Y., & Zhao, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.873726 · Cited by 18
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity index (QUICK I) was calculated as follows (17): 1/[log(fasting insulin)(mU/ml) + log”
MethodCalderón-DuPont, D., Torre-Villalvazo, I., & Díaz‐Villaseñor, A. (2022) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2022.08.021 · Cited by 23
Hosni, A., Abdel‐Moneim, A., Hussien, M., Zanaty, M. I., Eldin, Z. E., & El‐Shahawy, A. A. G. (2022) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.048 · Cited by 21
Ramadan, N. M., Elmasry, K., Elsayed, H. R. H., El‐Mesery, A., & Eraky, S. M. (2022) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121145 · Cited by 18
Özdemir, S. Ç., Küçüktürkmen, B., Metin, T., Dinçer, B., & Sert, H. (2022) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110162 · Cited by 18
Simpson, E. J., Mendis, B., Dunlop, M. V., Schroeter, H., Kwik-Uribe, C. L., & Macdonald, I. A. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15030565 · Cited by 18
“HOMA-IR and QUICKI were determined according to standard methods [24,25] and individuals were accepted onto the trial if HOMA-IR was >1.”
MethodShehnaz, S. I., Roy, A., Vijayaraghavan, R., Sivanesan, S., & Pazhanivel, N. (2023) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-023-08804-8 · Cited by 18
“Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) [20]:”
Dai, D., Kong, F., Han, H., et al. (2024) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2023-24435 · Cited by 18
Lin, Z.-Y., Yuan, S., Li, B.-W., Guan, J., He, J.-N., Song, C.-X., Li, J., & Dou, K. (2024) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2024.101566 · Cited by 18
Retinol-Binding Protein 4 Levels in Obese Children and Adolescents with Glucose Intolerance
Yeste, D., Vendrell, J. J., Tomasini, R., Gallart, L., Clemente, M., Simón, I., Albisu, M., Gussinyé, M., Audı́, L., & Carrascosa, A. (2010) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000308165 · Cited by 18
Snyder, M., Shields, K. J., Korytkowski, M. T., Sutton‐Tyrrell, K., & Talbott, E. O. (2014) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590.2014.895985 · Cited by 18
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was also calculated [17].”
MethodJetha, M., Nzekwu, U., Lewanczuk, R. Z., & Ball, G. (2009) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism (JPEM) · doi:10.1515/jpem.2009.22.11.1051 · Cited by 21
Schwarz, H., Birkholz-Walerzak, D., Szalecki, M., Walczak, M., Găleşanu, C., Metreveli, D., Khan-Boluki, J., & Schuck, E. (2014) · Biologics in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13554-014-0014-4 · Cited by 18
“Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) score (marker of insulin resistance) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated as previously described [12–14].”
MethodRetinol binding protein 4 is associated with adiposity-related co-morbidity risk factors in children
Conroy, R., Espinal, Y., Fennoy, I., Accacha, S., Boucher-Berry, C., Carey, D., Close, S., Desantis, D., Gupta, R. K., Hassoun, A., et al. (2011) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism (JPEM) · doi:10.1515/jpem.2011.297 · Cited by 17
“sured as QUICKI [1/(log fasting insulin × log fasting glucose)] (20) .”
MethodKoiou, E., Τζιόμαλος, Κ., Dinas, K. D., Katsikis, I., Kandaraki, E., Tsourdi, E. A., Mavridis, S., & Panidis, D. (2011) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej11-0023 · Cited by 18
Beta-cell function is associated with metabolic syndrome in Mexican subjects
Pérez-Fuentes, R. (2010) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmsott.s12375 · Cited by 18
“In particular, QUICKI index has been validated extensively against the reference standard glucose clamp method.(28) QUICKI index is a simple, robust, accurate, reproducible method that appropriately predicts changes in IS.”
MethodEl-Karaksy, H. M., El‐Raziky, M. S., Fouad, H. M., Anwar, G. M., El‐Mougy, F., El-Koofy, N. M., & El-Hennawy, A. (2013) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2013.10.008 · Cited by 18
Correlation of insulin resistance by various methods with fasting insulin in obese
Goyal, G., Panag, K. M. S., & Kaur, N. (2014) · International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research · doi:10.4103/2229-516x.140733 · Cited by 18
“The homeostasis model assessments (HOMA)[12] and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)[13] indices are calculated using both the FI and fasting blood glucose levels while the O r i g i n a l A r t i c l e”
MethodGómez‐García, A., Nieto-Alcantar, E., Gómez-Alonso, C., Figueroa-Núñez, B., & Álvarez-Aguilar, C. (2010) · Atención Primaria · doi:10.1016/j.aprim.2009.10.015 · Cited by 18
Åstrand, O., Carlsson, M., Nilsson, I., Lindström, T., Borga, M., Nyström, F. H., & _, _. (2010) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-10-0763 · Cited by 18
“HOMA index of insulin resistance (20) increased and QUICKI index of insulin sensitivity (21) was lowered in the intervention group, but unchanged in controls (Table 1).”
BackgroundGhaffari, M.-A., Payami, S. A., Payami, S. P., et al. (2016) · Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases · doi:10.4236/ojemd.2016.62013 · Cited by 18
“On the other hand, the relationship between QUICK and glucose clamp technique declines in non-obese patients compared with obese diabetic individuals [10].”
BackgroundAmbika, S., & Saravanan, R. (2016) · Journal of Applied Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.jab.2016.04.002 · Cited by 18
Gurecká, R., Koborová, I., Csongová, M., Šebek, J., & Šebeková, K. (2016) · Glycoconjugate Journal · doi:10.1007/s10719-016-9696-9 · Cited by 18
Lebon, J., Aubertin‐Leheudre, M., Bobeuf, F., Lord, C., Labonté, M., & Dionne, I. J. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 18
Rämö, J. T., Kaye, S. M., Jukarainen, S., Bogl, L. H., Hakkarainen, A., Lundbom, J., Lundbom, N. M. I., Rissanen, A., Kaprio, J. A., Matikainen, N., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-3512 · Cited by 20
“QUICKI (24): 1 / [FPIlog + FPG (mg/dL) log] Matsuda index (25): 10.”
InfluentialRadetti, G., Salerno, M., Guzzetti, C., Cappa, M., Corrias, A., Cassio, A., Cesaretti, G., Gastaldi, R., Rotondi, M., Lupi, F., et al. (2017) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-17-0023 · Cited by 18
Keselman, B., Vergara, M., Nyberg, S., & Nyström, F. H. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0179401 · Cited by 18
Pérez-Matos, M. C., Alvarez, M. C. M., Toloza, F. J. K., Ricardo-Silgado, M. L., Mantilla-Rivas, J. O., Pinzón-Cortés, J. A., Pérez-Mayorga, M., Jiménez, E., Guevara, E., & Mendivil, C. O. (2017) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2017.41.6.466 · Cited by 18
Toàn, N. L., Hoan, N. V., Cuong, D. V., Dung, N. V., Dung, P. T., Hang, N. T., Dieu, D. T. H., Chung, D. T., Sơn, H. A., Phong, P. X., et al. (2018) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-018-0343-4 · Cited by 18
“These indexes were calculated to evaluate the levels of insulin resistance/sensitivity and β-cell function [27, 28].”
MethodGao, X., Randell, E. W., Tian, Y., Zhou, H., & Sun, G. (2019) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.06.003 · Cited by 18
Ahdab, M. A., Leth, J., Knudsen, T., Vestergaard, P., & Clausen, H. G. (2021) · Biochemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bej.2021.108170 · Cited by 18
Serdan, T. D. A., Masi, L. N., Pereira, J. N. B., Rodrigues, L. E., Alecrim, A. L., Scervino, M. V. M., Diniz, V. L. S., dos Santos, A. A. C., Filho, C. P. B. S., Alba‐Loureiro, T. C., et al. (2021) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112019 · Cited by 18
Reevaluation of the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in an Urban Area of Turkey
Emre, A. M., Eklioğlu, B. S., & Akyürek, N. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.4274/jcrpe.778 · Cited by 18
“Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index was calculated as 1/ [(log fasting insulin concentration (μU/mL) + log fasting glucose concentration (mg/dL)] (13).”
MethodXirofotos, D., Trakakis, E., Peppa, Μ., Chrelias, C., Panagopoulos, P., Christodoulaki, C., Sioutis, D., & Kassanos, D. (2015) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590.2015.1101440 · Cited by 18
“5(mmol/l)) [21], quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI1⁄4 1/ (log(fasting insulin mU/mL) + log(fasting glucose mg/d)) [22].”
BackgroundSoares, M. J., Cummings, N. K., & Ping‐Delfos, W. C. S. (2011) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2012.03.003 · Cited by 18
Hutchinson, M. S., Joakimsen, R. M., Njølstad, I., Schirmer, H., Figenschau, Y., & Jorde, R. (2012) · PubMed · doi:10.3275/8191 · Cited by 18
Diagnosis of Metabolic Disorders in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Angioni, S. L., Portoghese, E., Milano, F., Melis, G. B., & Fulghesu, A. M. (2008) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/ogx.0b013e3181895a06 · Cited by 18
“• An additional fasting index is QUICKI (QUANTITATIVE INSULIN SENSITIVITY CHECK INDEX) (38) obtained according to the following formula: QUICKI 1/ [log(I0) ( U/mL) log(G0) (mmol/L)].”
Methodde Moraes, T. P., Fortes, P. C. N., Ribeiro, S. C., RIELLA, M. C., & Pecoits‐Filho, R. (2011) · Brazilian Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1590/s0101-28002011000200009 · Cited by 18
Rhee, S. Y., Kim, J. Y., Chon, S., Hwang, Y., Jeong, I., Oh, S., Ahn, K. J., Chung, H. Y., Woo, J., Kim, S. W., et al. (2010) · Korean Diabetes Journal · doi:10.4093/kdj.2010.34.3.157 · Cited by 18
“Calculation of insulin secretion and insulin resistance indices Based on the OGTT results, indices for insulin secretion including the insulinogenic index (IGI), acute C-peptide response (ACR) and homeostasis model assessment β (HOMAβ), as well as insulin resistance indices including the homeostasis model assessment-i…”
MethodMackenzie, J., Koekemoer, T., Roux, S., van de Venter, M., & Dealtry, G. (2012) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.4653 · Cited by 18
“To evaluate if the animals were IR the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (Katz et al., 2000) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA–IR) (Matthews et al.”
MethodSpectrum of insulin sensitivity in the Korean population
Ryu, S., Sung, K., Chang, Y., Lee, W., & Rhee, E. (2005) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2005.06.014 · Cited by 18
Iizuka, K., Niwa, H., Kato, T., & Takeda, J. (2016) · BMJ Case Reports · doi:10.1136/bcr-2015-214284 · Cited by 18
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children - An Increasing Health Problem in Mexico
Cruz, M., Torres, M., Aguilar-Herrera, B. E., et al. (2004) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem.2004.17.2.183 · Cited by 18
Erol, O. Ö., Özel, M. K., Elli̇dağ, H. Y., Toptaş, T., Uysal, A., & Yılmaz, N. (2017) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1080/01443615.2017.1286464 · Cited by 18
“Insulin-sensitivity was calculated using the quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) according to the following formula: 1/(log [fasting insulin level (lU/mL)]þ log [fasting glucose level (mg/dL)]) (Katz et al. 2000).”
MethodGurecká, R., Koborová, I., Šebek, J., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129311 · Cited by 18
“Calculations: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) via the Friedewald equation; insulin sensitivity using Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) [33]; atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) as log(TAG/HDL-C) [34]; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGRF) via Schwartz (in subjects aged 18 years) and…”
MethodEffect of Metformin and Rosiglitazone in a Prepubertal Boy with Alström Syndrome
SINHA, S. K., Bhangoo, A., Anhalt, H., Maclaren, N. K., Marshall, J. D., Collin, G. B., Naggert, J. Κ., & Ten, S. (2007) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem.2007.20.9.1045 · Cited by 18
Mousavinasab, F., Tähtinen, T., Jokelainen, J. J., Koskela, P. U., Vanhala, M. J., Oikarinen, J. A., Laakso, M., & Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. M. (2006) · Endocrine · doi:10.1385/endo:30:2:185 · Cited by 18
Koiou, E., Dinas, K. D., Τζιόμαλος, Κ., Toulis, K. A., Kandaraki, E., Kalaitzakis, E., Katsikis, I., & Panidis, D. (2011) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000327935 · Cited by 18
Insulin-sensitisers in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome
Teede, H. J., Meyer, C., & Norman, R. J. (2005) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.6.14.2419 · Cited by 18
“The euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp, considered the gold standard [54,55], is inappropriate for large interventional trials, primarily as it has poor reproducibility.”
BackgroundAltered insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and lipid profile in non-diabetic prostate carcinoma
Nandeesha, H., Koner, B. C., & Dorairajan, L. N. (2008) · Acta Physiologica Hungarica · doi:10.1556/aphysiol.95.2008.1.7 · Cited by 18
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) and health
Yaquoob, P., Tricon, S., Burdge, G. C., & Calder, P. C. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1533/9781845691073.1.182 · Cited by 18
Sequencing analysis of the ghrelin receptor (growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a) gene
Vartiainen, J., Poykko, S., Raisanen, T., et al. (2004) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.0.1500457 · Cited by 18
“Quantitative insulin sensitivity check indexes (QUICKI) were calculated as described elsewhere ( 24 ).”
MethodIndex of glucose effectiveness derived from oral glucose tolerance test
Nagasaka, S., Kusaka, I., Yamashita, K., Funase, Y., Yamauchi, K., Katakura, M., Ishibashi, S., & Aizawa, T. (2012) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-012-0417-y · Cited by 18
“simplification, an attempt was made to calculate the index of Sg by fasting samples alone by replacing dIRI0–30/ dPG0–30 with homeostasis model assessment-ß [45] and ISIMatsuda with quantitative insulin sensitivity check index [46], respectively.”
MethodPredictive Accuracy of Surrogate Indices for Hepatic and Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity
Muniyappa, R., Tella, S. H., Sortur, S., Mszar, R., Grewal, S., Abel, B. S., Auh, S., Chang, D. C., Krakoff, J., & Skarulis, M. C. (2019) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/js.2018-00206 · Cited by 16
“7), where M is the glucose infusion rate (mg/min) and I is the steady-state plasma insulin concentrations (mU/mL)] [27].”
BackgroundKrzymień, J., & Ładyżyński, P. (2023) · Journal of Applied Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.bbe.2023.12.004 · Cited by 20
Wilasrusmee, K. T., Sitticharoon, C., Keadkraichaiwat, I., Maikaew, P., Pongwattanapakin, K., Chatree, S., Sririwichitchai, R., & Churintaraphan, M. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-72269-3 · Cited by 17
Azarboo, A., Fallahtafti, P., Jalali, S., et al. (2025) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-025-01957-6 · Cited by 17
“Several surrogate measures such as homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and the triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio have been developed to facilitate more accessible assessments [9–11].”
Isocaloric Ketogenic Diet in Adults with High-Grade Gliomas: A Prospective Metabolic Study
Foppiani, A., Amicis, R. S. D., Lessa, C., Leone, A., Ravella, S., Ciusani, E., Silvani, A., Zuccoli, G., Battezzati, A., Lamperti, E., et al. (2020) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635581.2020.1779759 · Cited by 16
“Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (30) and quantitative insulin sensitivity index (QUICKI) (31) were calculated as: HOMA-IR ¼ [Glucose (mg/dL) Insulin (uU/ mL)]/405, QUICKI ¼ 1/log [Insulin (uU/mL) þ log(Glucose (mg/dL)].”
InfluentialMašek, T., Barišić, J., Micek, V., et al. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12113339 · Cited by 17
“The CAF and HF diets affected insulin sensitivity as measured by HOMA-IR and QUICKI indices (Figure 2C).”
MethodInfluentialWang, Y., Zou, X., Cai, X., Liu, W., Chen, L., Zhang, R., Zhou, L., Gong, S., Gao, Y., Li, S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/1753-0407.13203 · Cited by 17
Bantle, A., Lau, K. J., Wang, Q., Malaeb, S., Harindhanavudhi, T., Manoogian, E. N. C., Panda, S., Mashek, D. G., & Chow, L. S. (2022) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.23620 · Cited by 19
“The QUICKI is similar to the HOMA-IR equation, but unlike HOMAIR, it transforms the data by taking the logarithm and reciprocal of fasting glucose and insulin [21].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTrim, W. V., Walhin, J., Koumanov, F., Turner, J. E., Shur, N. F., Simpson, E. J., Macdonald, I. A., Greenhaff, P. L., & Thompson, D. (2023) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2023.02.006 · Cited by 17
Ciresi, A., Cicciò, F., Amato, M. C., et al. (2015) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-015-0314-7 · Cited by 17
Cheng, C., & Daskalakis, C. (2015) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2015/594039 · Cited by 18
Gil‐Campos, M., Larqué, E., Ramírez-Tortosa, M. C., Linde, J., Villada, I., Cañete, R., & Gil, Á. (2007) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114507831722 · Cited by 17
FízeI'ová, M., Cederberg, H., Stančáková, A., Jauhiainen, R., Vangipurapu, J., Kuusisto, J., & Laakso, M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109772 · Cited by 17
“Insulin sensitivity can be estimated with the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp [19], intravenous glucose tolerance test [20] or with indices calculated on the basis of insulin and glucose levels in the fasting state or after a glucose load [19,21,22].”
MethodGarg, M., Tandon, N., Marwaha, R. K., & Singh, Y. (2014) · Indian Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s13312-014-0401-4 · Cited by 18
“These include fasting insulin levels, insulin-glucose ratio, Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) [3], Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) [4], and McAuley index [5].”
MethodSambataro, M. P., Perseghin, G., Lattuada, G., Beltramello, G., Luzi, L., & Pacini, G. (2012) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-011-0366-x · Cited by 16
“In the fasting state, insulin sensitivity was calculated with the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index QUICKI = 1/[log(Gb) ? log(Ib)], where Gb and Ib are the fasting glucose and insulin concentrations, respectively [25].”
MethodPompeani, N., Rybalka, E., Latchman, H. K., Murphy, R. M., Croft, K. D., & Hayes, A. (2014) · Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine · doi:10.1186/s12952-014-0019-z · Cited by 17
“Using the derived plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, insulin sensitivity was calculated using the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) method (QUICKI = 1/[log(I0) + log(G0)]) [50].”
MethodMuniyappa, R., Irving, B., Unni, U. S., Briggs, W., Nair, K., Quon, M., & Kurpad, A. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00454.2010 · Cited by 16
“QUICKI was calculated as defined previously from fasting glucose and insulin values (12).”
BackgroundMethodResultSelf-citationJiménez‐Pavón, D., Sesé, M. A., Huybrechts, I., Cuenca‐García, M., Palacios, G., Ruiz, J. R., Breidenassel, C., Leclercq, C., Béghin, L., Plada, M., et al. (2013) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114513001153 · Cited by 17
“A quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated as: QUICKI 1⁄4 1/(log insulin (mIU/ml) þ log glucose (mg/dl))((37)).”
MethodChronic anovulation and the polycystic ovary syndrome
KASE, N. G. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139003254.012 · Cited by 16
Szosland, K., & Lewiñski, A. (2015) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2015.10.007 · Cited by 17
Miroslawska, A., Gjessing, P. F., Solbu, M. D., et al. (2016) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db16-0205 · Cited by 17
“Simple Index Assessing IS OGTT (SIisOGTT) and Quantitative IS Check Index (QUICKI) were calculated using the following formulas: 1/(log [S glucose t 0–30–90–120] [mmol/L] + log [S insulin t 0–30–90–120] [mIU/mL]) and 1/(log [fasting glucose (mg/dL)]) + log (fasting insulin [mIU/mL]), respectively (16,17).”
MethodInsulin resistance indexes in women with premature ovarian insufficiency — a pilot study
Kunicki, M., Rudnicka, E., Skórska, J., Calik-Ksepka, A., & Smolarczyk, R. (2018) · Ginekologia Polska · doi:10.5603/gp.a2018.0062 · Cited by 17
Azizian, H., Khaksari, M., Asadikaram, G., Sepehri, G., & Najafipour, H. (2018) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2018.10.009 · Cited by 17
Gür-Özmen, S. (2018) · SiSli Etfal Hastanesi Tip Bulteni / The Medical Bulletin of Sisli Hospital · doi:10.14744/semb.2018.09582 · Cited by 17
“[29] Insulin sensitivity was also calculated using the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI),[30] which is a better correlate of the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique than other methods.”
MethodArija, S. M., Vázquez, N. M., Garnica, I. U., Rioja, J., Valdivielso, P., Ginel-Mendoza, L., Abad-Sánchez, S., Jiménez-Núñez, F. G., Oliver‐Martos, B., & Fernández‐Nebro, A. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044749 · Cited by 17
Shen, J., Yu, H., Li, K., Ding, B., Xiao, R., & Ma, W. (2022) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s353449 · Cited by 17
“Quantitative sensitivity check index (QUICKI) score was calculated as follows: 1/ (log (fasting insulin μU/mL) + log (fasting glucose (OGTT) mg/dl).(33) Desaturase activity including stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), delta-5-desaturase (D5D) and delta-6-desaturase (D6D) were estimated using fatty acid product/precursor r…”
MethodShand, B., Scott, R. S., Lewis, J., Elder, P., & Frampton, C. M. (2009) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.169 · Cited by 16
Wójcik, M., Mac‐Marcjanek, K., Nadel, I., Woźniak, L. A., & Cypryk, K. (2015) · Archives of Medical Science · doi:10.5114/aoms.2015.47692 · Cited by 17
“To assess insulin sensitivity, the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI-IS) was calculated as follows: QUICKI = 1/[(log(I0) + log(G0), where I0 is the fasting plasma insulin (μU/ml) and G0 is the fasting blood glucose concentration (mg/dl) [36].”
MethodKoppo, K., Šiklová, M., Klimčáková, E., Polak, J., Marqués, M.-A., Berlan, M., de Voorde, J. V., Bülow, J., Langin, D., de Glisezinski, I., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00240.2011 · Cited by 17
“Insulin sensitivity of the subjects was assessed by the glucose disposal rate and by the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (14).”
MethodInfluentialWu, C., Lin, J., Hsia, T., et al. (2013) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.12155 · Cited by 17
Angioni, S. L., Sanna, S., Magnini, R., Melis, G. B., & Fulghesu, A. M. (2010) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590.2010.492886 · Cited by 17
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKY) is a mathematical model that uses fasting glucose and insulin concentrations to estimate IR and/or b cell function and has shown results comparable with those obtained with clamp in obese children and adolescents [9–11].”
MethodResultTelmisartan improves insulin sensitivity: A meta-analysis of randomized head-to-head trials
Takagi, H., & Umemoto, T. (2011) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.11.070 · Cited by 17
Current methods of transfer of young people with Type 1 diabetes to adult services
Channon, S., Smith, V., Alcolado, J. C., et al. (2003) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2003.00919.x · Cited by 17
Pilon, S., Holloway, A. C., & Thomson, E. M. (2017) · Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2017.10.010 · Cited by 18
Choudhary, M. K., Eräranta, A., Tikkakoski, A., Koskela, J., Hautaniemi, E. J., Kähönen, M. A. P., Mustonen, J. T., & Pörsti, I. H. (2018) · Blood Pressure · doi:10.1080/08037051.2018.1521263 · Cited by 17
“10 smoking status, weekly alcohol consumption, insulin sensitivity (QUICKI) [30], cystatin C based”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRéggami, Y., Benkhaled, A., Boudjelal, A., Berredjem, H., Amamra, A., Benyettou, H., Larabi, N., Senator, A., Siracusa, L., & Ruberto, G. (2019) · Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1080/13813455.2019.1659825 · Cited by 17
Ara, I., Auerbach, P., Larsen, S., Mata, E., Stallknecht, B. M., Ploug, T., Prats, C., & Helge, J. W. (2020) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines8050123 · Cited by 17
“Insulin sensitivity was estimated through calculation of the Quicki index [25].”
MethodLow‐ and High‐Carbohydrate Diets: Body Composition Differences in Rats
McNeel, R. L., & Mersmann, H. J. (2005) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2005.203 · Cited by 18
KARTONO, A. P. (2013) · Theory in Biosciences · doi:10.1007/s12064-013-0181-8 · Cited by 17
Postprandial lipaemia in menopausal women with metabolic syndrome
Kolovou, G. D., Anagnostopoulou, K. K., Pavlidis, A. N., Salpea, K. D., Hoursalas, I. S., Manolis, A. J., & Cokkinos, D. V. (2006) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2006.01.002 · Cited by 18
Pubertal changes in HOMA and QUICKI: relationship to hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity
Hoffman, R. P., Vicini, P., & Cobelli, C. (2004) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/j.1399-543x.2004.00050.x · Cited by 17
“(2) have thus been developed to assess insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity, respectively, from fasting blood samples rather than having to perform a more compli-”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Katz, A., Nambi, S. S., Mather, K., Baron, A. D., Follmann, D. A., Sullivan, G., & Quon, M. J.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2000-07-01
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2402-2410
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2126327417
- Cited by
- 3,931
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 97 · 2025: 129 · 2024: 142 · 2023: 174 · 2022: 188 · 2021: 173 · 2020: 184 · 2019: 145 · 2018: 153 · 2017: 174 · 2016: 170 · 2015: 164 · 2014: 184 · 2013: 219 · 2012: 169
- FWCI
- 33.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- QUICKI, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, glucose clamp, minimal model analysis, type 2 diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance index
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Obesity, Glucose Clamp Technique
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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