Physiological role for the cochaperone FKBP52 in androgen receptor signaling
Open accessAbstract
Molecular chaperones mediate multiple aspects of steroid receptor function, but the physiological importance of most receptor-associated cochaperones has not been determined. To help fill this gap, we targeted for disruption the mouse gene for the 52-kDa FK506 binding protein, FKBP52, a 90-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90)-binding immunophilin found in steroid receptor complexes. A mouse line lacking FKBP52 (52KO) was generated and characterized. Male 52KO mice have several defects in reproductive tissues consistent with androgen insensitivity; among these defects are ambiguous external genitalia and dysgenic prostate. FKBP52 and androgen receptor (AR) are coexpressed in prostate epithelial cells of wild-type mice. However, FKBP52 and AR are similarly coexpressed in testis even though testis morphology and spermatogenesis in 52KO males are usually normal. Molecular studies confirm that FKBP52 is a component of AR complexes, and cellular studies in yeast and human cell models demonstrate that FKBP52 can enhance AR-mediated transactivation. AR enhancement requires FKBP52 peptidylprolyl isomerase activity as well as Hsp90-binding ability, and enhancement probably relates to an affect of FKBP52 on AR-folding pathways. In the presence of FKBP52, but not other cochaperones, the function of a minimally active AR point mutant can be dramatically restored. We conclude that FKBP52 is an AR folding factor that has critically important physiological roles in some male reproductive tissues.
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FKBP52 functionally interacts with AR, GR and PR.
“While FKBP52 is known to functionally interact with AR, GR and PR [6–8], β-catenin only interacts strongly with AR, but not GR and PR [20].”
From The FKBP52 Cochaperone Acts in Synergy with β-Catenin to Potentiate Androgen Receptor Signaling (2015) · cites this paper as [6]
The ‘FKBP52 and AR Function’ section reports that FKBP52 enhances AR activity and notes a similar earlier observation with a GR reporter strain. Our copy does not establish a functional interaction with PR; a search for ‘progesterone receptor’ found it only in a reference title. The citation therefore supports AR and GR, but not the full three-receptor claim. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFKBP52 knockout mice have developmental defects in reproductive tissues in males consistent with reduced AR signaling and failure of embryo implantation in females consistent with reduced PR signaling.
“FKBP52 knockout mice have developmental defects in reproductive tissues (in males) consistent with reduced ARsignaling and a failure of embryo implantation (in females) consistent with reduced PR signaling (4, 37).”
From FKBP51 Promotes Assembly of the Hsp90 Chaperone Complex and Regulates Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells (2010) · cites this paper as [4]
The “52KO Mice” section reports developmental abnormalities in male reproductive organs, and “How Is AR Function Altered by FKBP52?” links abnormal androgen-target tissue development to possible reduced AR responsiveness. The passages found in our copy do not report failed embryo implantation in females or link it to reduced PR signaling; searches for female implantation and progesterone-receptor terms did not find support for that part. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe FKBP51 knockout mouse does not display overt defects in androgen signaling.
“Because the FKBP51 knockout mouse does not display overt defects in androgen signaling (4, 37), the contribution of FKBP51 to AR function has been unclear.”
From FKBP51 Promotes Assembly of the Hsp90 Chaperone Complex and Regulates Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells (2010) · cites this paper as [4]
The “52KO Mice” section describes an FKBP52 knockout with reproductive defects, not an FKBP51 knockout. Searches for FKBP51, Fkbp5, and 51KO found no passage in our copy addressing whether FKBP51-knockout mice have overt defects in androgen signaling. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFKBP51 is not required for AR function in development of the male mouse reproductive system.
“This is despite the fact that FKBP51 is not required for AR function in the development of the male mouse reproductive system, which instead relies on the closely related cochaperone FKBP52 (4, 37).”
From FKBP51 Promotes Assembly of the Hsp90 Chaperone Complex and Regulates Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells (2010) · cites this paper as [4]
The 52KO Mice and Discussion sections report that loss of FKBP52 impairs male reproductive development, but they do not establish whether FKBP51 is required for AR function. A search for FKBP51 found discussion of its expression alongside other chaperones, not a test of its requirement in male mice. (LLM, conf=0.73)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFKBP52 is a positive regulator of GR, PR, and AR, but not ER or MR.
“FKBP52 is a positive regulator of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) [5], progesterone receptor (PR) [6], and androgen receptor (AR) [7], but not estrogen receptor (ER) or mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) [5].”
From FKBP51 and FKBP52 in signaling and disease (2011) · cites this paper as [7]
Male 52KO mice display phenotypes consistent with partial androgen insensitivity including dysgenic prostate and seminal vesicles, ambiguous external genitalia including hypospadias, and retention of nipples into adulthood.
“Male 52KO mice display phenotypes consistent with partial androgen insensitivity including dysgenic prostate and seminal vesicles, ambiguous external genitalia including hypospadias, and retention of nipples into adulthood [7, 32].”
From FKBP51 and FKBP52 in signaling and disease (2011) · cites this paper as [7]
Given the androgen, progesterone and glucocorticoid insensitivity phenotypes observed in fkbp52-deficient mice, FKBP52 is likely to have an important role and to serve as a therapeutic target in a variety of diseases dependent on these hormone signaling pathways.
“Given the androgen, progesterone and glucocorticoid insensitivity phenotypes observed in the fkbp52-deficient mice [6, 7, 32, 35, 51], FKBP52 is likely to have an important role and to serve as a therapeutic target in a variety of diseases that are dependent on these hormone signaling pathways.”
From FKBP51 and FKBP52 in signaling and disease (2011) · cites this paper as [7]
Male mice with targeted ablation of FKBP52 are infertile due to hypospadias.
“Our laboratory (Yong et al., 2007) and others (Cheung-Flynn et al., 2005) have shown that male mice with targeted ablation of FKBP52 are infertile due to a developmental defect of the penis termed hypospadias – a condition prevalent in newborn boys and thought to arise from androgen insensitivity (Batch et al., 1992; Nakao et al., 1992).”
From FKBP51 and Cyp40 are positive regulators of androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell growth and the targets of FK506 and cyclosporin A (2010) · cites this paper as Cheung-Flynn et al., 2005
FKBP52 is essential to AR activity in the prostate.
“suggesting that FKBP52 is an essential immunophilin controlling AR activity in these tissues.”
From The Immunophilin Ligands Cyclosporin A and FK506 Suppress Prostate Cancer Cell Growth by Androgen Receptor-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms (2007) · cites this paper as [12]
Only select AR-controlled tissues were affected in male FKBP52 KO animals, most notably the prostate gland.
“Moreover, only select ARcontrolled tissues were affected in male FKBP52 KO animals, most notably the prostate gland.”
From The Immunophilin Ligands Cyclosporin A and FK506 Suppress Prostate Cancer Cell Growth by Androgen Receptor-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms (2007) · cites this paper as [12]
FKBP52KO males show prostate dysgenesis and dramatically reduced AR activity at both endogenous and heterologous genes.
“Interestingly, FKBP52KO males also showed prostate dysgenesis, as well as dramatically reduced AR activity at both endogenous and heterologous genes (12,39).”
From The Immunophilin Ligands Cyclosporin A and FK506 Suppress Prostate Cancer Cell Growth by Androgen Receptor-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms (2007) · cites this paper as [12]
Loss of FKBP52 causes male infertility through a selective abrogation of AR activity while apparently leaving all other steroid receptor processes in the male unchanged.
“In this case, loss of FKBP52 caused male infertility through a selective abrogation of AR activity, while apparently leaving all other steroid receptor processes in the male unchanged.”
From The Immunophilin Ligands Cyclosporin A and FK506 Suppress Prostate Cancer Cell Growth by Androgen Receptor-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms (2007) · cites this paper as [12]
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“Fkbp4−/− male mice are also sterile with multiple defects in reproductive tissues, such as ambiguous external genitalia and prostate dysgenesis, due to disrupted androgen receptor signaling (Cheung-Flynn et al., 2005).”
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- Authors
- Cheung-Flynn, J., Prapapanich, V., Cox, M. B., Riggs, D. L., Suarez-Quian, C., & Smith, D. F.
- Affiliations
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (J.C.-F., V.P., M.B.C., D.L.R., D.F.S.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Department of Cell Biology (C.S.-Q.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20057
- Corresponding author
- Smith, David F.
- Venue
- Molecular Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2005-06-01
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1654-1666
- ISSN
- 0888-8809 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-9917
- OpenAlex
- W2109243666
- Cited by
- 212
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 6.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Molecular Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Nebraska Medical Center
- Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. Public Health Service (R01-48218)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Heat shock proteins research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Keywords
- FKBP52, androgen receptor, co-chaperones, immunophilins, peptidylprolyl isomerase, steroid receptor signaling, androgen insensitivity syndrome, ambiguous genitalia, receptor folding, transcriptional activation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Genetic Vectors, Genotype, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Models, Genetic, Models, Molecular, Plasmids, Proline, Prostate, Protein Binding, Protein Conformation, Receptors, Androgen, Testis, Tissue Distribution, Blotting, Western, Signal Transduction, Transcriptional Activation, Gene Deletion, Point Mutation, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Protein Folding, Mice, Knockout, Molecular Chaperones, HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins, Tacrolimus Binding Proteins, Mice
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