Cited by 266Regulation of Appetite and ObesityAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesHypothalamic control of reproductive hormones

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 111 of the 111 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Insulin and Leptin as Adiposity Signals

Open access

Benoit, S. C.·2004·Recent Progress in Hormone Research

DOI 10.1210/rp.59.1.267

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

There is now considerable consensus that the adipocyte hormone leptin and the pancreatic hormone insulin are important regulators of food intake and energy balance. Leptin and insulin fulfill many of the requirements to be putative adiposity signals to the brain. Plasma leptin and insulin levels are positively correlated with body weight and with adipose mass in particular. Furthermore, both leptin and insulin enter the brain from the plasma. The brain expresses both insulin and leptin receptors in areas important in the control of food intake and energy balance. Consistent with their roles as adiposity signals, exogenous leptin and insulin both reduce food intake when administered locally into the brain in a number of species under different experimental paradigms. Additionally, central administration of insulin antibodies increases food intake and body weight. Recent studies have demonstrated that both insulin and leptin have additive effects when administered simultaneously. Finally, we recently have demonstrated that leptin and insulin share downstream neuropeptide signaling pathways. Hence, insulin and leptin provide important negative feedback signals to the central nervous system, proportional to peripheral energy stores and coupled with catabolic circuits.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1210/rp.59.1.267

Cites

111 of 111 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue
Zhang, Y., Proenca, R., Maffei, M., Barone, M., Leopold, L., & Friedman, J. M. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372425a0 · Cited by 13,419
Central nervous system control of food intake
Schwartz, M. W., Woods, S. C., Porte, D., Seeley, R. J., & Baskin, D. G. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35007534 · Cited by 6,451 · cited 1×
“1996; Friedman, 1997; Buchanan et al., 1998; Woods et al., 1998; Schwartz et al., 2000 ).”
Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R.
Tartaglia, L. A., Dembski, M., Weng, X., Deng, N., Culpepper, J., Devos, R., Richards, G. J., Campfield, L. A., Clark, F. T., Deeds, J., et al. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90151-5 · Cited by 3,496
Recombinant Mouse OB Protein: Evidence for a Peripheral Signal Linking Adiposity and Central Neural Networks
Campfield, L. A., Smith, F. J., Guisez, Y., Devos, R., & Burn, P. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7624778 · Cited by 3,243
Targeted disruption of the melanocortin-4 receptor results in obesity in mice
Huszar, D., Lynch, C. A., Fairchild-Huntress, V., Dunmore, J. H., Fang, Q., Berkemeier, L. R., Gu, W., Kesterson, R. A., Boston, B. A., Cone, R. D., et al. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81865-6 · Cited by 3,030 · cited 1×
“They are induced during development and injury and in response to a wide spectrum of physiological stimuli (Lauri et al., 1998; Bernfield et al., 1999; Hsueh and Sheng, 1999 ).”
Background
Congenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early-onset obesity in humans
Montague, C. T., Farooqi, I. S., Whitehead, J. P., Soos, M. A., Rau, H., Wareham, N. J., Sewter, C. P., Digby, J. E., Mohammed, S. N., Hurst, J. A., et al. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/43185 · Cited by 2,936
Functions of Cell Surface Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans
Bernfield, M. R., Götte, M., Park, P. W., Reizes, O., Fitzgerald, M. L., Lincecum, J. M., & Zako, M. (1999) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.68.1.729 · Cited by 2,722
Role of melanocortinergic neurons in feeding and the agouti obesity syndrome
Fan, W., Boston, B. A., Kesterson, R. A., Hruby, V. J., & Cone, R. D. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/385165a0 · Cited by 1,924 · cited 4×
“Bray, 1989; Fan et al., 1997; Seeley et al., 1997; Thiele et al., 1998).”
BackgroundInfluential
Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein
Ollmann, M. M., Wilson, B. D., Yang, Y.-K., Kerns, J. A., Chen, Y., Gantz, I., & Barsh, G. S. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.278.5335.135 · Cited by 1,881 · cited 3×
“Niswender and Schwartz (2003) published an excellent recent review of insulin as an adiposity signal.”
BackgroundInfluential
Identification of targets of leptin action in rat hypothalamus.
Schwartz, M. W., Seeley, R. J., Campfield, L. A., Burn, P., & Baskin, D. G. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118891 · Cited by 1,499 · cited 3×
“The ARC contains receptors for each in particularly high concentrations (Banks et al., 1996; Schwartz et al., 1996b; Woods et al., 2003) and each signal has important shared mediators in the hypothalamus.”
BackgroundInfluential
The role of depot fat in the hypothalamic control of food intake in the rat
Gc, K. (1953) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1953.0009 · Cited by 1,432 · cited 1×
“When maintained on an ad libitum diet, most animals — including humans — are able to precisely match caloric intake with caloric expenditure, resulting in relatively stable energy stores as adipose tissue ( Kennedy, 1953; Keesey, 1986).”
Background
NEUROPEPTIDE Y AND HUMAN PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE STIMULATE FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN RATS
Clark, J. T., Kalra, P. S., Crowley, W. R., & Kalra, S. P. (1984) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-115-1-427 · Cited by 1,276 · cited 1×
“Consistent with its being an anabolic effector peptide, administration of exogenous NPY into the PVN or into the adjacent i3vt elicits a rapid and robust increase in food intake ( Clark et al., 1984; Sahu and Kalra, 1993; Stanley et al., 1993; Seeley et al., 1995) and decrease in energy expenditure (Billington et al.,…”
Background
Leptin enters the brain by a saturable system independent of insulin
Banks, W. A., Kastin, A. J., Huang, W., Jaspan, J. B., & Maness, L. M. (1996) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/0196-9781(96)00025-3 · Cited by 1,222
Signals That Regulate Food Intake and Energy Homeostasis
Woods, S. C., Seeley, R. J., Porte, D., & Schwartz, M. W. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.280.5368.1378 · Cited by 1,177 · cited 8×
“Many reviews of these phenomena have been written (Schwartz et al., 1992; Porte et al., 1998; Woods et al., 1998,2003 ).”
BackgroundInfluential
Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue
Zhang, Y., Proenca, R., Maffei, M., Barone, M., Leopold, L., & Friedman, J. M. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/374479a0 · Cited by 1,125
Dietary fat intake does affect obesity!
Bray, G. A., & Popkin, B. M. (1998) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/68.6.1157 · Cited by 1,123
The Need to Feed
Saper, C. B., Chou, T. C., & Elmquist, J. K. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00969-8 · Cited by 1,120
Agouti protein is an antagonist of the melanocyte-stimulating-hormone receptor
Lu, D., Willard, D. H., Patel, I. R., Kadwell, S. H., Overton, L. K., Kost, T., Luther, M., Chen, W., Woychik, R. P., Wilkison, W. O., et al. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/371799a0 · Cited by 1,075
Phenotypes of Mouse diabetes and Rat fatty Due to Mutations in the OB (Leptin) Receptor
Chua, S. C., Chung, W. K., Wu-Peng, X. S., Zhang, Y., Liu, S.-M., Tartaglia, L. A., & Leibel, R. L. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.271.5251.994 · Cited by 1,071 · cited 1×
“Furthermore, as previously discussed, POMC-containing neurons also have receptors for leptin ( Cheung et al., 1997; Mountjoy and Wong, 1997; Seeley et al., 1997).”
Background
Cerebrospinal fluid leptin levels: Relationship to plasma levels and to adiposity in humans
Schwartz, M. W., Peskind, E., Raskind, M., Boyko, E. J., & Porte, D. (1996) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0596-589 · Cited by 1,014 · cited 1×
“Thus, the melanocortin system may play important roles in the detection of interoceptive state signals (e.g., hunger and satiety), taste processing, or even reward or learning about ingested foods ( Saper et al., 2002 ).”
Background
Inactivation of the mouse melanocortin-3 receptor results in increased fat mass and reduced lean body mass
Chen, A. S., Marsh, D. J., Trumbauer, M. E., Frazier, E. G., Guan, X.-M., Yu, H., Rosenblum, C. I., Vongs, A., Feng, Y., Cao, L., et al. (2000) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/79254 · Cited by 896
Leptin Increases Hypothalamic Pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA Expression in the Rostral Arcuate Nucleus
Schwartz, M. W., Seeley, R. J., Woods, S. C., Weigle, D. S., Campfield, L. A., Burn, P., & Baskin, D. G. (1997) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.46.12.2119 · Cited by 879 · cited 3×
“Importantly, an endogenous AgRP subsequently was found to be produced almost exclusively in the ARC and to project to the PVN and LHA ( Schwartz et al., 1997 ).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Effect of fasting on serum leptin in normal human subjects
Boden, G. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.81.9.3419 · Cited by 809 · cited 1×
“During weight loss, plasma leptin decreases ( Boden et al., 1996; Havel et al., 1996; Ahren et al., 1997; Keim et al., 1998); analogously, weight gain is associated with an increase in leptin secretion (Seeley et al., 1996; Ahren et al., 1997).”
Background
Molecular characterization of the mouse agouti locus
Bultman, S. J., Michaud, E. J., & Woychik, R. P. (1992) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(05)80067-4 · Cited by 805 · cited 1×
“This yellow mouse has an autosomally transmitted trait resulting from a mutation of the agouti gene that results in ectopic expression of the agouti protein ( Bultman et al., 1992 ).”
Background
Proopiomelanocortin Neurons Are Direct Targets for Leptin in the Hypothalamus
Cheung, C. C., Clifton, D. K., & Steiner, R. A. (1997) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.138.10.5570 · Cited by 769
Leptin Regulation of Neuroendocrine Systems
Ahima, R. S., Saper, C. B., Flier, J. S., & Elmquist, J. K. (2000) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1006/frne.2000.0197 · Cited by 767 · cited 1×
“A current hypothesis is that leptin, being secreted in proportion to total body adiposity, conveys the overall nutritional status to the brain ( Ahima et al., 2000 ).”
Background
Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects.
Polonsky, K. S., Given, B. D., & Van Cauter, E. (1988) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci113339 · Cited by 763
The Significance of Basal Insulin Levels in the Evaluation of the Insulin Response to Glucose in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Subjects*
Bagdade, J. D., Bierman, E. L., & Porte, D. (1967) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci105646 · Cited by 672
Neuropeptide Y secretion increases in the paraventricular nucleus in association with increased appetite for food.
Kalra, S. P., Dubé, M., Sahu, A., Phelps, C. P., & Kalra, P. S. (1991) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.88.23.10931 · Cited by 665
Expression of melanocortin 4 receptor mRNA in the central nervous system of the rat
Kishi, T., Aschkenasi, C. J., Lee, C. E., Mountjoy, K. G., Saper, C. B., & Elmquist, J. K. (2003) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.10454 · Cited by 581 · cited 2×
“Downloaded from rphr.endojournals.org by on January 25, 2010 brainstem ( Kishi et al., 2003 ).”
BackgroundMethod
A C-Terminal Fragment of Agouti-Related Protein Increases Feeding and Antagonizes the Effect of Alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone in Vivo
Rossi, M., Kim, M. S., Morgan, D. G. A., Small, C. J., Edwards, C. M. B., Sunter, D., Abusnana, S., Goldstone, A. P., Russell, S. H., Stanley, S. A., et al. (1998) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.139.10.6332 · Cited by 576 · cited 1×
“Experiments in which animals were rendered obese, then placed on a low(er)-fat diet, have been somewhat equivocal, with some reporting loss of body weight (Hill et al., 1992) and others no weight reduction (Faust et al., 1978; Rolls et al., 1980; Harris et al., 1986; Uhley and Jen, 1989; Hill et al., 1992).”
Background
Inhibition of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression by insulin.
Schwartz, M. W., Sipols, A. J., Marks, J. L., Sanacora, G., White, J. D., Scheurink, A., Kahn, S. E., Baskin, D. G., Woods, S. C., & Figlewicz, D. P. (1992) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.130.6.1597158 · Cited by 555
Response of melanocortin–4 receptor–deficient mice to anorectic and orexigenic peptides
Marsh, D. J., Hollopeter, G., Huszar, D., Laufer, R., Yagaloff, K. A., Fisher, S. L., Burn, P., & Palmiter, R. D. (1999) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/5070 · Cited by 547
Selective breeding for diet-induced obesity and resistance in Sprague-Dawley rats
Levin, B. E., Dunn-Meynell, A. A., Balkan, B., & Keesey, R. E. (1997) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1997.273.2.r725 · Cited by 536
Melanocortin receptors in leptin effects
Seeley, R. J., Yagaloff, K. A., Fisher, S. L., Burn, P., Thiele, T. E., van Dijk, G., Baskin, D. G., & Schwartz, M. W. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/37016 · Cited by 522
Diet-induced adipocyte number increase in adult rats: a new model of obesity.
Faust, I. M., Johnson, P. R., Stern, J. S., & Hirsch, J. (1978) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1978.235.3.e279 · Cited by 514
The OB Protein (Leptin) Pathway - A Link Between Adipose Tissue Mass and Central Neural Networks
Campfield, L. A., Smith, F., & Burn, P. (1996) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-2007-979867 · Cited by 501 · cited 1×
“Additional support for the hypothesis that insulin acts as an adiposity signal includes the fact that insulin receptors and insulin receptor mRNA are found in CNS regions involved in the regulation of food intake and body weight (Schwartz et al., 1992; Campfield et al., 1996; Matson et al., 1996; Woods et al., 2003).”
Background
Saturable transport of insulin from plasma into the central nervous system of dogs in vivo. A mechanism for regulated insulin delivery to the brain.
Baura, G. D., Foster, D. M., Porte, D., Kahn, S. E., Bergman, R. N., Cobelli, C., & Schwartz, M. W. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci116773 · Cited by 489
Human Obese Gene Expression: Adipocyte-Specific Expression and Regional Differences in the Adipose Tissue
Masuzaki, H., Ogawa, Y., Isse, N., Satoh, N., Okazaki, T., Shigemoto, M., Mori, K., Tamura, N., Hosoda, K., Yoshimasa, Y., et al. (1995) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.44.7.855 · Cited by 454
Quantitative study of insulin secretion and clearance in normal and obese subjects
Polonsky, K. S., Given, B. D., Hirsch, L., Shapiro, E. T., Tillil, H., Beebe, C., Galloway, J. A., Frank, B. H., Karrison, T., & Van Cauter, E. (1988) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci113338 · Cited by 444
Insulin and leptin revisited: adiposity signals with overlapping physiological and intracellular signaling capabilities
Niswender, K. D., & Schwartz, M. W. (2003) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0091-3022(02)00105-x · Cited by 428
The Catabolic Action of Insulin in the Brain Is Mediated by Melanocortins
Benoit, S. C., Air, E. L., Coolen, L. M., Strauss, R., Jackman, A., Clegg, D. J., Seeley, R. J., & Woods, S. C. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-20-09048.2002 · Cited by 417
Self-citation
Relationship of plasma leptin to plasma insulin and adiposity in normal weight and overweight women: effects of dietary fat content and sustained weight loss
Havel, P. J., Kasim-karakas, S., Mueller, W. M., Johnson, P. R., Gingerich, R. L., & Stern, J. S. (1996) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.81.12.8954050 · Cited by 412 · cited 1×
“During weight loss, plasma leptin decreases (Boden et al., 1996; Havel et al., 1996; Ahren et al., 1997; Keim et al., 1998); analogously, weight gain is associated with an increase in leptin secretion (Seeley et al., 1996; Ahren et al., 1997).”
Background
Effect of Intracerebroventricular Insulin Infusion on Diabetic Hyperphagia and Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Gene Expression
Sipols, A. J., Baskin, D. G., & Schwartz, M. W. (1995) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.44.2.147 · Cited by 389 · cited 2×
“Administration of insulin into the i3vt of the brain also causes increased expression of corticotropin (ACTH)-releasing hormone mRNA in the PVN ( Sipols et al., 1995; Schwartz et al., 1996b).”
Background
Cell Surface Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans: Selective Regulators of Ligand-Receptor Encounters
Park, P. W., Reizes, O., & Bernfield, M. R. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.r000008200 · Cited by 361 · cited 1×
“Together, they account for nearly all HSPGs unbiquitously expressed at cell surfaces (Bernfield et al., 1999; Park et al., 2000 ).”
Background
The Central Melanocortin System and Energy Homeostasis
Cone, R. D. (1999) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1043-2760(99)00153-8 · Cited by 351 · cited 2×
“The brain expresses two types of melanocortin receptors, MC3R and MC4R ( Cone, 1999,2000 ).”
Background
Insulin In The Brain
Baskin, D. G., Figlewicz, D. P., Woods, S. C., Porte, D., & Dorsa, D. M. (1987) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.49.030187.002003 · Cited by 344 · cited 1×
“After Kennedy (1953) hypothesized that fat stores produce a hormone that acts as a negative feedback control for adiposity, one early suggestion was that this signal was insulin ( Baskin et al., 1987; Woods et al., 1996).”
Background
Insulin and the Blood-Brain Barrier
Woods, S. C., Seeley, R. J., Baskin, D. G., & Schwartz, M. W. (2003) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612033455323 · Cited by 321 · cited 9×
“Many reviews of these phenomena have been written (Schwartz et al., 1992; Porte et al., 1998; Woods et al., 1998,2003 ).”
BackgroundInfluential
Long-term orexigenic effects of AgRP-(83—132) involve mechanisms other than melanocortin receptor blockade
Hagan, M. M., Rushing, P. A., Pritchard, L. M., Schwartz, M. W., Strack, A. M., der Ploeg, L. H. T. V., Woods, S. C., & Seeley, R. J. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.1.r47 · Cited by 320
Effect of age, sex, and site on the cellularity of the adipose tissue in mice and rats rendered obese by a high-fat diet
Lemonnier, D. (1972) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci107115 · Cited by 315 · cited 1×
“Younger rats (as well as older rats made obese by maintenance on a HF diet for longer intervals) may increase their number of adipocytes ( Lemonnier, 1972; Faust et al., 1978; Hill et al., 1992).”
Background
Neuropeptide Y in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: a center coordinating energy metabolism
Billington, C. J., Briggs, J. E., Harker, S. A., Grace, M. K., & Levine, A. S. (1994) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1994.266.6.r1765 · Cited by 298
Regulation of plasma leptin in mice: influence of age, high-fat diet, and fasting
Åhrén, B., Månsson, S., Gingerich, R. L., & Havel, P. J. (1997) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1997.273.1.r113 · Cited by 298
Dietary fat, genetic predisposition, and obesity: lessons from animal models
West, D., & York, B. (1998) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/67.3.505s · Cited by 291
The Molecular Genetics of Rodent Single Gene Obesities
Leibel, R. L., Chung, W. K., & Chua, S. C. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.51.31937 · Cited by 279 · cited 1×
“Perhaps most importantly, strong genetic influences dictate whether or not a given individual will be prone or resistant to becoming obese when exposed to a HF diet (Levin and Routh, 1996; West, 1996; Leibel et al., 1997; Levin et al., 1997; Reed et al., 1997; West and York, 1998).”
Background
Relation between circulating leptin concentrations and appetite during a prolonged, moderate energy deficit in women
Keim, N., Stern, J. S., & Havel, P. J. (1998) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/68.4.794 · Cited by 272
Intraventricular Leptin Reduces Food Intake and Body Weight of Lean Rats but Not Obese Zucker Rats
Seeley, R. J., van Dijk, G., Campfield, L. A., Smith, F., Burn, P., Nelligan, J., Bell, S. M., Baskin, D. S., Woods, S. C., & Schwartz, M. W. (1996) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-2007-979874 · Cited by 253
The perifornical area: the major focus of (a) patchily distributed hypothalamic neuropeptide Y-sensitive feeding system(s)
Stanley, B. G., Magdalin, W., Seirafi, A., Thomas, W. J., & LEIBOWITZ, S. F. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90382-w · Cited by 246 · cited 1×
“Consistent with its being an anabolic effector peptide, administration of exogenous NPY into the PVN or into the adjacent i3vt elicits a rapid and robust increase in food intake (Clark et al., 1984; Sahu and Kalra, 1993; Stanley et al., 1993; Seeley et al., 1995) and decrease in energy expenditure (Billington et al.,…”
Background
The role of dietary fat in obesity.
Golay, A., & Bobbioni, E. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 232
Regulated Expression and Subcellular Localization of Syndecan Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans and the Syndecan-Binding Protein CASK/LIN-2 during Rat Brain Development
Hsueh, Y., & Sheng, M. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-17-07415.1999 · Cited by 213
Transgenic Expression of Syndecan-1 Uncovers a Physiological Control of Feeding Behavior by Syndecan-3
Reizes, O., Lincecum, J. M., Wang, Z., Goldberger, O., Huang, L., Kaksonen, M., Ahima, R. S., Hinkes, M. T., Barsh, G. S., Rauvala, H., et al. (2001) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00415-9 · Cited by 212
Role of the CNS Melanocortin System in the Response to Overfeeding
Hagan, M. M., Rushing, P. A., Schwartz, M. W., Yagaloff, K. A., Burn, P., Woods, S. C., & Seeley, R. J. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-06-02362.1999 · Cited by 211
Fasting Regulates Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y, Agouti-Related Peptide, and Proopiomelanocortin in Diabetic Mice Independent of Changes in Leptin or Insulin
Mizuno, T. M., Makimura, H., Silverstein, J. H., Roberts, J. L., Lopingco, T., & Mobbs, C. V. (1999) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.140.10.6966 · Cited by 193 · cited 1×
“During periods of negative energy balance (and, consequently, low adipose hormones), expression of AgRP mRNA is increased, while expression of POMC is decreased ( Mizuno et al., 1999 ).”
Background
Central infusion of GLP-1, but not leptin, produces conditioned taste aversions in rats
Thiele, T. E., van Dijk, G., Campfield, L. A., Smith, F. J., Burn, P., Woods, S. C., Bernstein, I. L., & Seeley, R. J. (1997) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1997.272.2.r726 · Cited by 193
Metabolic hormones and regulation of body weight.
Woods, S. C., Decke, E., & Vasselli, J. R. (1974) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0035927 · Cited by 187
Obesity, diabetes and the central nervous system
Porte Jr., D., Seeley, R. J., Woods, S. C., Baskin, D. G., Figlewicz, D. P., & Schwartz, M. W. (1998) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250051002 · Cited by 186 · cited 5×
“Many reviews of these phenomena have been written (Schwartz et al., 1992; Porte et al., 1998; Woods et al., 1998,2003).”
BackgroundInfluential
Persistent obesity in rats following a period of consumption of a mixed, high energy diet.
Rolls, B. J., Rowe, E. A., & Turner, R. C. (1980) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1980.sp013091 · Cited by 185
Heritable Variation in Food Preferences and Their Contribution to Obesity
Reed, D. R., Bachmanov, A. A., Beauchamp, G. K., Tordoff, M. G., & Price, R. A. (1997) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1023/a:1025692031673 · Cited by 184 · cited 1×
“Perhaps most importantly, strong genetic influences dictate whether or not a given individual will be prone or resistant to becoming obese when exposed to a HF diet (Levin and Routh, 1996; West, 1996; Leibel et al., 1997; Levin et al., 1997; Reed et al., 1997; West and York, 1998).”
Background
A Novel Selective Melanocortin-4 Receptor Agonist Reduces Food Intake in Rats and Mice without Producing Aversive Consequences
Benoit, S. C., Schwartz, M. W., Lachey, J. L., Hagan, M. M., Rushing, P. A., Blake, K. A., Yagaloff, K. A., Kurylko, G., Franco, L., Danhoo, W., et al. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-09-03442.2000 · Cited by 178
Self-citation
Central infusion of melanocortin agonist MTII in rats: assessment of c-Fos expression and taste aversion
Thiele, T. E., van Dijk, G., Yagaloff, K. A., Fisher, S. L., Schwartz, M. W., Burn, P., & Seeley, R. J. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.1.r248 · Cited by 177
Specific inhibition of endogenous neuropeptide Y synthesis in arcuate nucleus by antisense oligonucleotides suppresses feeding behavior and insulin secretion
Akabayashi, A., Wahlestedt, C., Alexander, J. T., & LEIBOWITZ, S. F. (1994) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0169-328x(94)90377-8 · Cited by 176 · cited 1×
“Local administration into the ARC of compounds that result in less NPY being synthesized result in reduced food intake and body weight ( Akabayashi et al., 1994 ).”
Background
Central insulin enhances sensitivity to cholecystokinin
RIEDY, C., Chavez, M., Figlewicz, D. P., & WOODS, S. (1995) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(95)00108-u · Cited by 172 · cited 1×
“Administration of insulin into the brain also potentiates the anorexic effects of peripherally administered cholecystokinin (CCK) (Figlewicz et al., 1995; Riedy et al., 1995 ).”
Background
Metering of intravenous versus oral nutrients and regulation of energy balance
Nicolaïdis, S., & Rowland, N. E. (1976) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.231.3.661 · Cited by 168
The Melanocortin Receptors
(2000) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-031-5 · Cited by 163
Acetylation alters the feeding response to MSH and beta-endorphin
Tsujii, S., & Bray, G. A. (1989) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(89)90142-1 · Cited by 161
Increased feeding in response to bilateral injection of insulin antibodies in the VMH
STRUBBE, J. H., & Mein, C. G. (1977) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(77)90343-2 · Cited by 161
Effect of intracerebroventricular α-MSH on food intake, adiposity, c-Fos induction, and neuropeptide expression
McMinn, J. E., Wilkinson, C. W., Havel, P. J., Woods, S. C., & Schwartz, M. W. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.2.r695 · Cited by 156
Acute third ventricular administration of insulin decreases food intake in two paradigms
Air, E. L., Benoit, S. C., Smith, K. A. B., Clegg, D. J., & Woods, S. C. (2002) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(01)00780-8 · Cited by 151 · cited 1×
“Repeated administration of insulin in small doses, or as a continuous infusion, elicits decreased food intake and increased energy expenditure after several hours and lasts for the duration of the treatment (Woods et al., 1974,1996; Air et al., 2002a ).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Obesity, Diabetes and Functions for Proopiomelanocortin-derived Peptides
Mountjoy, K. G., & Wong, J. (1997) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0303-7207(96)04017-8 · Cited by 149 · cited 1×
“Furthermore, as previously discussed, POMC-containing neurons also have receptors for leptin (Cheung et al., 1997; Mountjoy and Wong, 1997; Seeley et al., 1997).”
Background
Dynamics of Recovery of Body Composition After Overfeeding, Food Restriction or Starvation of Mature Female Rats
Harris, R. B. S., Kasser, T. R., & Martin, R. J. (1986) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/116.12.2536 · Cited by 149
Leptin: A Significant Indicator of Total Body Fat but Not of Visceral Fat and Insulin Insensitivity in African-American Women
Dua, A., Hennes, M. I., Hoffmann, R., Maas, D. L., Krakower, G., Sonnenberg, G., & Kissebah, A. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.45.11.1635 · Cited by 142
Role of dietary fat in calorie intake and weight gain
Warwick, Z. S., & Schiffman, S. S. (1992) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80198-8 · Cited by 141 · cited 1×
“There are many reviews of this literature (Hill et al., 1992; Warwick and Schiffman, 1992; Warwick, 1996; Golay and Bobbioni, 1997; West and York, 1998) and several valuable points have emerged from them.”
Background
Development of dietary obesity in rats: influence of amount and composition of dietary fat.
Hill, J. O., Lin, D., Yakubu, F., & Peters, J. C. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 138
Melanocortin Receptors, The
Cone, R. D. (2000) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1385/1592590314 · Cited by 136
The evaluation of insulin as a metabolic signal influencing behavior via the brain
Woods, S. C., Chavez, M., Park, C. R., Riedy, C. A., Kaiyala, K. J., Richardson, R. D., Figlewicz, D. P., Schwartz, M. W., Porte, D., & Seeley, R. J. (1996) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/0149-7634(95)00044-f · Cited by 134
Insulin and Leptin Combine Additively to Reduce Food Intake and Body Weight in Rats
Air, E. L., Benoit, S. C., Clegg, D. J., Seeley, R. J., & Woods, S. C. (2002) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.143.6.8948 · Cited by 131 · cited 1×
“However, after 4 hours, the two peptides are simply additive ( Air et al., 2002b ).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Chronic intrahypothalamic infusions of insulin or insulin antibodies alter body weight and food intake in the rat
McGowan, M. K., Andrews, K. M., & Grossman, S. P. (1992) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(92)90112-f · Cited by 131 · cited 1×
“In agreement with these data, administration of antibodies to insulin into the brain increases food intake and body weight (Strubbe and Mein, 1977; McGowan et al., 1992 ).”
Effect of intracerebroventricular insulin infusion on diabetic hyperphagia and hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression
Sipols, A. J., Baskin, D. G., & Schwartz, M. W. (1995) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.44.2.147 · Cited by 117
Role of the brain in energy balance and obesity
Levin, B. E., & Routh, V. H. (1996) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.3.r491 · Cited by 115
Effects of chronic intrahypothalamic infusion of insulin on food intake and diurnal meal patterning in the rat.
McGowan, M. K., Andrews, K. M., Kelly, J., & Grossman, S. P. (1990) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.104.2.373 · Cited by 112 · cited 1×
“Importantly, administration of insulin peripherally, in amounts that do not cause hypoglycemia, decreases food intake (Nicolaidis and Rowland, 1976; Vanderweele et al., 1982; McGowan et al., 1990; Woods et al., 2003).”
Background
Neuropeptidergic regulation of feeding behavior
Sahu, A., & Kalra, S. P. (1993) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/1043-2760(93)90125-x · Cited by 94
Melanin-concentrating Hormone Receptor: An Orphan Receptor Fits the Key
Saito, Y., Nothacker, H., & Civelli, O. (2000) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1043-2760(00)00290-3 · Cited by 87
Neuropeptide Y fails to increase intraoral intake in rats
Seeley, R. J., Payne, C. J., & Woods, S. C. (1995) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1995.268.2.r423 · Cited by 83
An energy sensor for control of energy intake
Friedman, M. I. (1997) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns19970008 · Cited by 78 · cited 1×
“1996; Friedman, 1997; Buchanan et al., 1998; Woods et al., 1998; Schwartz et al., 2000).”
Elevated insulin and satiety in obese and normal-weight rats
Vanderweele, D. A., Haraczkiewicz, E., & Itallie, T. B. V. (1982) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/s0195-6663(82)80003-2 · Cited by 73
Intraventricular insulin enhances the meal-suppressive efficacy of intraventricular cholecystokinin octapeptide in the baboon.
Figlewicz, D. P., Sipols, A. J., Seeley, R. J., Chavez, M., Woods, S. C., & Porte, D. (1995) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.109.3.567 · Cited by 68 · cited 1×
“Administration of insulin into the brain also potentiates the anorexic effects of peripherally administered cholecystokinin (CCK) ( Figlewicz et al., 1995; Riedy et al., 1995).”
Background
Metabolic, gastrointestinal, and CNS neuropeptide effects of brain leptin administration in the rat
van Dijk, G., Seeley, R. J., Thiele, T. E., Friedman, M. I., Ji, H. L., Wilkinson, C. W., Burn, P., Campfield, L. A., Tenenbaum, R., Baskin, D. G., et al. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1999.276.5.r1425 · Cited by 60 · cited 1×
“i3vt administration of -MSH decreases food intake ( Tsujii and Bray, 1989; McMinn et al., 2000), as does i3vt administration of synthetic agonists, including MTII and Ro27‐3225 (Fan et al., 1997; Thiele et al., 1998; Benoit et al., 2000).”
Background
A comparison between effects of intraventricular insulin and intraperitoneal lithium chloride on three measures sensitive to emetic agents.
Chavez, M., Seeley, R. J., & Woods, S. C. (1995) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.109.3.547 · Cited by 59 · cited 1×
“It is important to note that there is no evidence that alterations in food intake after administration of insulin, either systemic or central, are secondary to aversive consequences ( Chavez et al., 1995 ).”
Background
Molecular and Behavioral Interactions Between Central Melanocortins and Cocaine
Alvaro, J. D., Taylor, J. R., & Duman, R. S. (2003) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.102.040311 · Cited by 57 · cited 1×
“Additionally, MC4R are expressed in the infralimbic and insular cortices, LHA, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral parabrachial nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, hippocampus, amygdala, and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (Lindblom et al., 2002; Zhou et al., 2002; Alvaro et al., 2003; Kishi et al.,…”
Background
Probing the causes of high-fat diet hyperphagia: A mechanistic and behavioral dissection
Warwick, Z. S. (1996) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/0149-7634(95)00034-c · Cited by 56 · cited 1×
“There are many reviews of this literature (Hill et al., 1992; Warwick and Schiffman, 1992; Warwick, 1996; Golay and Bobbioni, 1997; West and York, 1998) and several valuable points have emerged from them.”
Background
Intraventricular insulin enhances the meal-suppressive efficacy of intraventricular cholecystokinin octapeptide in the baboon.
Figlewicz, D. P., Sipols, A. J., Seeley, R. J., et al. (1995) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.109.3.567 · Cited by 56
Intracellular pathways of insulin transport across vascular endothelial cells
HACHIYA, H. L., Halban, P. A., & King, G. L. (1988) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.1988.255.4.c459 · Cited by 54
Effect of heparin‐binding growth‐associated molecule (HB‐GAM) on synaptic transmission and early LTP in rat hippocampal slices
Lauri, S. E., Rauvala, H., Kaila, K., & Taira (1998) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00039.x · Cited by 54 · cited 1×
“They are induced during development and injury and in response to a wide spectrum of physiological stimuli ( Lauri et al., 1998; Bernfield et al., 1999; Hsueh and Sheng, 1999).”
Background
Effects of acute “binge” cocaine on preprodynorphin, preproenkephalin, proopiomelanocortin, and corticotropin‐releasing hormone receptor mRNA levels in the striatum and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis of mu‐opioid receptor knockout mice
Zhou, Y., Spangler, R., Schlussman, S. D., Yuferov, V. P., Sora, I., Ho, A., Uhl, G. R., & Kreek, M. J. (2002) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.10101 · Cited by 39
Genes Versus Environment: The relationship between dietary fat and total and central abdominal fat
Samaras, K., Kelly, P. J., Chiano, M. N., Arden, N., Spector, T. D., & Campbell, L. V. (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.12.2069 · Cited by 36
Central Nervous System Effects of Leptin
Buchanan, C. D., Mahesh, V. B., Zamorano, P. L., & Brann, D. W. (1998) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1043-2760(98)00038-1 · Cited by 34
Alcohol-preferring AA rats show a derangement in their central melanocortin signalling system
Lindblom, J., Wikberg, J. E. S., & Bergström, L. (2002) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(02)00719-0 · Cited by 33
Neuropeptide Y paradoxically increases food intake yet causes conditioned flavor aversions
Sipols, A. J., Brief, D. J., Ginter, K. L., Saghafi, S., & Woods, S. C. (1992) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(92)90317-u · Cited by 30 · cited 1×
“Local replacement of either insulin or leptin in the vicinity of the ARC normalizes the elevated NPY mRNA in the ARC of fasted animals (Schwartz et al., 1992; Sipols et al., 1992 ).”
Background
Leptin: a significant indicator of total body fat but not of visceral fat and insulin insensitivity in African-American women
Dua, A., Hennes, M. I., Hoffmann, R. G., et al. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.45.11.1635 · Cited by 30
Changes in feeding efficiency and carcass composition in rats on repeated high-fat feedings.
Uhley, V. E., & Jen, K. ‐. C. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 23
Molecular characterization of the mouse agouti locus
(1993) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/0168-9525(93)90219-8 · Cited by 21
GENETICS OF OBESITY IN HUMANS AND ANIMAL MODELS
West, D. B. (1996) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70355-8 · Cited by 19 · cited 1×
“Perhaps most importantly, strong genetic influences dictate whether or not a given individual will be prone or resistant to becoming obese when exposed to a HF diet (Levin and Routh, 1996; West, 1996; Leibel et al., 1997; Levin et al., 1997; Reed et al., 1997; West and York, 1998).”
Background

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Matson CA, Wiater MF, Weigle DS 1996 Leptin and the regulation of body adiposity: a critical review. Diabetes Rev 4:488508

Sorted by citations

The role of insulin receptor signaling in the brain
Plum, L., Schubert, M., & Brüning, J. C. (2005) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2005.01.008 · Cited by 604
Low-dose leptin reverses skeletal muscle, autonomic, and neuroendocrine adaptations to maintenance of reduced weight
Rosenbaum, M. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci25977 · Cited by 575
Emerging role of adipose tissue hypoxia in obesity and insulin resistance
Ye, J. (2008) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.229 · Cited by 556
The gut and energy balance: visceral allies in the obesity wars
Badman, M. K., & Flier, J. S. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1109951 · Cited by 532
Modulation of appetite by gonadal steroid hormones
Asarian, L., & Geary, N. (2006) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1860 · Cited by 529

See all 266

Authors: Benoit, S. C.
Affiliations: University of Cincinnati Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Benoit, S. C.
Venue: Recent Progress in Hormone Research
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 2004-01-01
Volume: 59
Issue: 1
Pages: 267-285
ISSN: 0079-9963 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1210/rp.59.1.267
OpenAlex: W2125667577
Cited by: 266
References: 111
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 6.27
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: diamond
doi.org
Locations: Recent Progress in Hormone Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: University of Cincinnati
National Institutes of Health
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Keywords: leptin, insulin, adiposity signals, food intake regulation, energy balance, leptin receptor, insulin receptor, brain, negative feedback, neuropeptide signaling, body weight, insulin antibodies
MeSH terms: Adipose Tissue, alpha-MSH, Body Composition, Brain, Humans, Hypothalamus, Insulin, Neuropeptide Y, Signal Transduction, Leptin

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Insulin and Leptin as Adiposity Signals

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks