Physical activities and future risk of Parkinson disease
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To prospectively investigate the relationship between physical activity and Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS: We evaluated physical activity in relation to PD among 213,701 participants of the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort. Physical activities over 4 periods (ages 15-18, 19-29, and 35-39, and in the past 10 years) were noted in 1996-1997, and physician-diagnosed PD was reported on the 2004-2006 follow-up questionnaire. Only cases diagnosed after 2000 (n = 767) were included in the analyses. RESULTS: Higher levels of moderate to vigorous activities at ages 35-39 or in the past 10 years as reported in 1996-1997 were associated with lower PD occurrence after 2000 with significant dose-response relationships. The multivariate odds ratios (OR) between the highest vs the lowest levels were 0.62 (95% CI confidence interval [CI] 0.48-0.81, p for trend 0.005) for ages 35-39 and 0.65 (95% CI 0.51-0.83, p for trend 0.0001) for in the past 10 years. Further analyses showed that individuals with consistent and frequent participation in moderate to vigorous activities in both periods had approximately a 40% lower risk than those who were inactive in both periods. Moderate to vigorous activities at earlier ages or light activities were not associated with PD. Finally, the association between higher moderate to vigorous physical activities and lower PD risk was demonstrated in a metaanalysis of prospective studies. CONCLUSIONS: Although we cannot exclude the possibility that less participation in physical activity is an early marker of PD, epidemiologic evidence suggests that moderate to vigorous exercise may protect against PD.
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The accelerometry trace in Parkinson's patients indicated lower diurnal variation and physical activity, an observation associated with elevated risk of disease.
“The accelerometry trace in Parkinson’s patients indicated lower diurnal variation and physical activity (Supplementary Fig. 3), an observation associated with elevated risk of disease43.”
From Diurnal rhythms of wrist temperature are associated with future disease risk in the UK Biobank (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
The Parkinson disease risk reduction documented in the meta-analysis (OR = 0.67) was of a similar order of magnitude to risk reductions previously noted with caffeine consumption or smoking.
“To put this into perspective, the risk reduction documented in this meta-analysis (OR ϭ 0.67) was of a similar order of magnitude to the PD risk reductions previously noted with caffeine consumption or smoking, 8”
From Does vigorous exercise have a neuroprotective effect in Parkinson disease? (2011) · cites this paper as [5]
Parkinson disease risk in humans is significantly reduced by midlife exercise, documented in large prospective studies.
“PD risk in humans is significantly reduced by midlife exercise, documented in large prospective studies.”
From Does vigorous exercise have a neuroprotective effect in Parkinson disease? (2011) · cites this paper as [5]
A recent meta-analysis of prospective studies confirmed the association of diminished Parkinson disease risk with moderate to vigorous activities in preceding years.
“A recent meta-analysis of prospective studies confirmed the association of diminished PD risk with moderate to vigorous activities in preceding years.5”
From Does vigorous exercise have a neuroprotective effect in Parkinson disease? (2011) · cites this paper as [5]
Moderate to vigorous exercise habits in midlife significantly reduced the risk of later-developing Parkinson disease in three large cohorts, although this was confined to men in one study.
“Moderate to vigorous exercise habits in midlife significantly reduced the risk of later-developing PD in 3 large cohorts, [3][4][5] although confined to men in one study.3”
From Does vigorous exercise have a neuroprotective effect in Parkinson disease? (2011) · cites this paper as [5]
Epidemiological studies support a link between strenuous exercise and reduced risk for Parkinson's disease.
“Epidemiological studies have supported a link between strenuous exercise and reduced risk for PD 5, 6.”
From Exercise-enhanced neuroplasticity targeting motor and cognitive circuitry in Parkinson's disease (2013) · cites this paper as [5]
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- Authors
- Xu, Q., Park, Y., Huang, X., Hollenbeck, A., Blair, A., Schatzkin, A., & Chen, H.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 2010-07-27
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 341-348
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- PMC
- PMC2918886
- OpenAlex
- W1977750438
- Cited by
- 328
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 10.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1z01es101986-03)
- National Cancer Institute (Z01CP010196)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS060722)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES 101986)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous exercise, disease risk, dose-response relationship, NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, light physical activity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Parkinson Disease, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Risk Reduction Behavior, Young Adult
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