Leisure-time physical activity at midlife and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease
Abstract
Background Physical activity may help maintain cognitive function and decrease dementia risk, but epidemiological findings remain controversial. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between leisure-time physical activity at midlife and the subsequent development of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods Participants were randomly selected from the survivors of a population-based cohort previously surveyed in 1972, 1977, 1982, or 1987. 1449 persons (72.5%) age 65-79 years participated in the re-examination in 1998 (mean follow-up, 21 years). 117 persons had dementia and 76 had AD. Multiple logistic regression methods were used to analyse the association between leisure-time physical activity and dementia or AD.Findings Leisure-time physical activity at midlife at least twice a week was associated with a reduced risk of dementia and AD (odds ratio [OR] 0.48 [95% CI 0.25-0.91] and 0.38 [0.17-0.85], respectively), even after adjustments for age, sex, education, follow-up time, locomotor disorders, APOE genotype, vascular disorders, smoking, and alcohol drinking. The associations were more pronounced among the APOE epsilon4 carriers.Interpretation Leisure-time physical activity at midlife is associated with a decreased risk of dementia and AD later in life. Regular physical activity may reduce the risk or delay the onset of dementia and AD, especially among genetically susceptible individuals.
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In Rovio et al., the more active group had a 52% lower chance of dementia than the sedentary group.
“Indeed, participants in the more active group had a 52% lower chance of dementia than did participants in the more sedentary group.”
From Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development: Can the Functional Capacity of Older Adults Be Preserved and Enhanced? (2008) · cites this paper as Rovio et al. (2005)
Midlife leisure-time physical activity at least twice a week was associated with reduced dementia risk later in life.
“Leisure-time physical activity at midlife at least twice a week was associated with a reduced risk of dementia in later life.”
From Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development: Can the Functional Capacity of Older Adults Be Preserved and Enhanced? (2008) · cites this paper as Rovio et al. (2005)
Any amount of moderate physical activity helps.
“seemingly any amount of moderate physical activity helps (Bernadet, 1995; Rovio et al., 2005).”
From Central effects of stress hormones in health and disease: understanding the protective and damaging effects of stress and stress mediators (2008) · cites this paper as Rovio et al., 2005
Almost any amount of moderate physical activity helps, and it is not necessary to become an extreme athlete.
“Concerning physical activity, it is not necessary to become an extreme athlete, and seemingly almost any amount of moderate physical activity helps.127,128”
From Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators: central role of the brain (2006) · cites this paper as [128]
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- Authors
- Rovio, S., Kåreholt, I., Helkala, E.-L., Viitanen, M., Winblad, B., Tuomilehto, J., Soininen, H., Nissinen, A., & Kivipelto, M.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Kuopio University Hospital (FI)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Kivipelto, Miia
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Lancet Neurology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-11
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 705-711
- ISSN
- 1474-4422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2105489250
- Cited by
- 1,054
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 70 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 73 · 2012: 60
- FWCI
- 23.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Academy of Finland
- Kuopion Yliopistollinen Sairaala
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- leisure-time physical activity, midlife, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, cognitive function, APOE ε4 carriers, genetic susceptibility, dementia risk, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Apolipoproteins E, Data Collection, Dementia, Female, Humans, Leisure Activities, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Cohort Studies, Odds Ratio, Apolipoprotein E4
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