The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Smoking, alcohol, and coffee consumption preceding Parkinson’s disease: A case-control study
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To study the association of PD with preceding smoking, alcohol, and coffee consumption using a case-control design. METHODS: The authors used the medical records linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project to identify 196 subjects who developed PD in Olmsted County, MN, during the years 1976 to 1995. Each incident case was matched by age (+/-1 year) and sex to a general population control subject. The authors reviewed the complete medical records of cases and control subjects to abstract exposure information. RESULTS: For coffee consumption, the authors found an OR of 0.35 (95% CI = 0.16 to 0.78, p = 0.01), a dose-effect trend (p = 0.003), and a later age at PD onset in cases who drank coffee compared with those who never did (median 72 versus 64 years; p = 0.0002). The inverse association with coffee remained significant after adjustment for education, smoking, and alcohol drinking and was restricted to PD cases with onset at age <72 years and to men. The OR for cigarette smoking was 0.69 (95% CI = 0.45 to 1.08, p = 0.1). The authors found no association between PD and alcohol consumption. Extreme or unusual behaviors such as tobacco chewing or snuff use and a diagnosis of alcoholism were significantly more common in control subjects than cases. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest an inverse association between coffee drinking and PD; however, this association does not imply that coffee has a direct protective effect against PD. Alternative explanations for the association should be considered.
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“Caffeine overdose can delay sleep onset, reduce total sleep time, change normal sleep stages, and reduce sleep quality. Caffeine-induced sleep disorder is known as a psychiatric disorder caused by excessive caffeine consumption [120].”
From Effect of Caffeine Consumption on the Risk for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Sex Differences in Human (2020) · cites this paper as [120]
In the citing paper
“Excessive caffeine can cause symptoms ranging from general anxiety to compulsive disorders [120].”
From Effect of Caffeine Consumption on the Risk for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Sex Differences in Human (2020) · cites this paper as [120]
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ResultInfluentialA meta‐analysis of coffee drinking, cigarette smoking, and the risk of Parkinson's disease
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“Recently, an inverse association between coffee consumption and risk of Parkinson’s disease in men, but not in women, was reported from a study in Rochester, Minnesota.(15) Finally, a strong and highly significant inverse association between coffee intake and risk of Parkinson’s disease has been reported in a longitud…”
BackgroundChen, J., Xu, K., Petzer, J. P., Staal, R. G. W., Xu, Y., Beilstein, M. A., Sonsalla, P. K., Castagnoli, K., Castagnoli, N. J., & Schwarzschild, M. A. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-10-j0001.2001 · Cited by 617
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“There is mixed evidence for a protective effect of alcohol and PD (Behari et al. 2001; Benedetti et al. 2000; Checkoway et al. 2002; Fall et al. 1999; Kuopio et al. 1999; Liou et al. 1997; Morano et al. 1994; Paganini-Hill 2001; Wang et al. 1993) and less for alcohol and AD (Letenneur et al. 2004;…”
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“Manganese 0 [0-285] {0-0} 0 [0-129] {0-0} 0 [0-150] {0-0} 0 [0-150] {0-0} 0 [0-206] {0-0} 0 [0-194] {0-0} 0 [0-188] {0-0} 0 [0-125] {0-0} 0 [0-144] {0-0} 0 [0-213] {0-0}”
InfluentialGenetics of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism
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“This is unlikely to be due to chance because a similar gender difference in the relation of caffeine with PD was reported in a case–control study that relied on prospectively collected information on coffee consumption (Benedetti et al., 2000).”
ResultBreckenridge, C. B., Berry, C. L., Chang, E. T., Sielken, R. L., & Mandel, J. S. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151841 · Cited by 262
Pesticide/Environmental Exposures and Parkinson's Disease in East Texas
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“Contrary to these findings, most of the epidemiological studies do not support an association between alcohol consumption and risk of PD (Benedetti et al., 2000; Checkoway et al., 2002; Hernan et al., 2003; Palacios et al., 2012b).”
ResultCaffeine protects against MPTP‐induced blood‐brain barrier dysfunction in mouse striatum
Chen, X., Lan, X., Roche, I., Liu, R., & Geiger, J. D. (2008) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05697.x · Cited by 189
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BackgroundProspective study of coffee consumption and risk of Parkinson’s disease
Sääksjärvi, K., Knekt, P., Rissanen, H., Laaksonen, M. A., Reunanen, A., & Männistö, S. (2008) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602788 · Cited by 182
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Survival Study of Parkinson Disease in Olmsted County, Minnesota
Elbaz, A., Bower, J. H., Peterson, B. J., Maraganore, D. M., McDonnell, S. K., Ahlskog, J. E., Schaid, D. J., & Rocca, W. A. (2003) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.60.1.91 · Cited by 190
“This list has been shown to be complete by comparison with a random-digit-dialing telephone sample and by comparison with the census.(9,10) Therefore, our referent subjects were not selected through their diseases or health conditions, but rather through their residency status.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialA Perception on Health Benefits of Coffee
George, S. E., Ramalakshmi, K., & Rao, L. J. M. (2008) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408390701522445 · Cited by 172
“In the past 30 years, different studies had shown that regular coffee consumption might reduce the risk of Parkinson’s disease (Popoli et al., 1991; Fall et al., 1999; Benedetti et al., 2000).”
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Schwarzschild, M. A., Chen, J., & Ascherio, A. (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.58.8.1154 · Cited by 162
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“In a case–control study conducted with data from the Rochester Epidemiology Project, inverse associations were reported between PD and tobacco chewing, snuff use, and alcoholism (Benedetti et al. 2000).”
MethodEducation and occupations preceding Parkinson disease
Frigerio, R., Elbaz, A., Sanft, K. R., Peterson, B. J., Bower, J. H., Ahlskog, J. E., Grossardt, B. R., de Andrade, M., Maraganore, D. M., & Rocca, W. A. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000184520.21744.a2 · Cited by 149
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“Consuming chewing tobacco or snuff also reduces the risk (odds ratio of 0.18) of developing Parkinson’s disease (Benedetti et al., 2000), suggesting that nicotine may be the responsible protective element of tobacco smoke.”
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“…rates of caffeine consumption to a reduced risk of PD showed the reduced risk was greatest for those consuming multiple cups of coffee per day (Benedetti et al., 2000; Ross et al., 2000; Ascherio et al., 2001), in whom significant blockade of adenosine receptors may have been achieved by…”
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“A similar dose-dependent inverse association between coffee drinking and PD was observed in two prospective studies (Benedetti et al., 2000; Willems-Giesbergen et al., 2000), and retrospectively an incident case-control study in Northern California (Nelson et al., 1999).”
Comorbid conditions associated with Parkinson's disease: A population‐based study
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“Coffee drinking has also been linked with reduced risk of PD; however, the evidence is less robust than for smoking (69, 73, 74).”
BackgroundJee, H. J., Lee, S. G., Bormate, K. J., & Jung, Y.-S. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12103080 · Cited by 111
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“Previous epidemiologic studies have consistently shown that cigarette smoking [9–12] and smokeless tobacco use [13, 14] are associated with a lower risk of PD.”
BackgroundSmoking and tea consumption delay onset of Parkinson's disease
Kandinov, B., Giladi, N., & Korczyn, A. D. (2008) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2008.02.011 · Cited by 99
“[36] was the only group who examined the effect of coffee on age of PD motor symptoms onset.”
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“…studies have also suggested an inverse, dose–response relationship between coffee/caffeine consumption and the risk of Parkinson’s disease incidence (Ascherio et al. 2001; Benedetti et al. 2000; Costa et al. 2010; Palacios et al. 2012; Qi and Li 2014; Ross et al. 2000a; Saaksjarvi et al. 2007).”
BackgroundBrakedal, B., Toker, L., Haugarvoll, K., & Tzoulis, C. (2022) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-022-00280-4 · Cited by 105
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Savica, R., Grossardt, B. R., Bower, J. H., Ahlskog, J. E., Boeve, B. F., Graff‐Radford, J., Rocca, W. A., & Mielke, M. M. (2017) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.0603 · Cited by 97
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Effects of acute caffeine administration on adolescents
Temple, J. L., Dewey, A. M., & Briatico, L. N. (2010) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0021651 · Cited by 94
“For example, caffeine reduces the risk of Parkinson’s disease in men only (Ascherio et al., 2004; Ascherio et al., 2001; Benedetti et al., 2000; Ross et al., 2000), suggesting that there are gender differences in neurobiological responses to caffeine.”
BackgroundA Case-Control Study on Cigarette, Alcohol, and Coffee Consumption Preceding Parkinson’s Disease
Ragonese, P., Salemi, G., Morgante, F., Aridon, P., Epifanio, A., Buffa, D. J., Scoppa, F., & Savettieri, G. (2003) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000071193 · Cited by 96
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“…dietary factor most consistently linked to an altered risk of PD, with greater con sumption associated with a reduced risk (Ascherio et al., 2001; Benedetti et al., 2000; Checkoway et al., 2002; Fall et al., 1999; Hellenbrand et al., 1996; Hu et al., 2007; Ragonese et al., 2003; Ross et al.,…”
InfluentialYan, R., Zhang, J., Park, H.-J., Park, E. S., Oh, S. E., Zheng, H., Junn, E., Voronkov, M. V., Stock, J. B., & Mouradian, M. M. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1813365115 · Cited by 89
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Kip, E., & Parr‐Brownlie, L. C. (2022) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2022.101618 · Cited by 89
Intake of Japanese and Chinese teas reduces risk of Parkinson’s disease
Tanaka, K., Miyake, Y., Fukushima, W., Sasaki, S., Kiyohara, C., Tsuboi, Y., Yamada, T., Oeda, T., Miki, T., Kawamura, N., et al. (2011) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.02.016 · Cited by 77
Sutphin, G. L., Bishop, E., Yanos, M. E., Moller, R. M., & Kaeberlein, M. R. (2012) · Longevity & Healthspan · doi:10.1186/2046-2395-1-9 · Cited by 76
“Chronic, moderate consumption of caffeine has been linked with reduced risk of age-associated neurodegenerative disorders in humans, including dementia [9], Alzheimer’s disease [9-11], and Parkinson’s disease [12-15].”
BackgroundFukutomi, R., Ohishi, T., Koyama, Y., Pervin, M., Nakamura, Y., & Isemura, M. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26020415 · Cited by 78
Alcohol in essential tremor and other movement disorders
Mostile, G., & Jankovic, J. J. (2010) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23240 · Cited by 73
“Indeed, a prior history of heavy alcohol use or alcoholism is less frequent in patients with Parkinson disease than expected.(134) This is consistent with a premorbid personality manifested by lower tolerance for risk taking, such as smoking.”
BackgroundRisk factors for Parkinson's disease may differ in men and women: an exploratory study
Savica, R., Grossardt, B. R., Bower, J. H., Ahlskog, J. E., & Rocca, W. A. (2012) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.05.013 · Cited by 73
“…past 10 years to explore possible combinations of risk or protective factors for PD using recursive partitioning techniques (Arabia et al., 2007; Benedetti et al., 2000; Benedetti et al., 2001; Bower et al., 2006; Bower et al., 2003; Frigerio et al., 2005; Frigerio et al., 2006; Rocca et al.,…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialAutotoxicity, methylation and a road to the prevention of Parkinson’s disease
Williams, A. C., & Ramsden, D. B. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2004.10.002 · Cited by 65
Alcohol and risk of Parkinson's disease in a large, prospective cohort of men and women
Palacios, N., Gao, X., O’Reilly, É. J., Schwarzschild, M. A., McCullough, M. L., Mayo, T. L., Gapstur, S. M., & Ascherio, A. (2012) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.25050 · Cited by 62
Wierzejska, R. E. (2017) · Archives of Medical Science · doi:10.5114/aoms.2016.63599 · Cited by 63
“Coffee drinkers developed the disease 8 years later than did non-coffee drinkers (mean age at onset 72 and 64 years, respectively) [56].”
BackgroundParkinsonism and Related Disorders
Slow, E., & Lang, A. E. (2019) · DeckerMed Transitional Year Weekly Curriculum™ · doi:10.2310/tywc.1178 · Cited by 62
Nicotinamide: A double edged sword
Williams, A. C., & Ramsden, D. B. (2005) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.05.011 · Cited by 61
“deficient tend not to get PD [46].”
BackgroundParkinson's Disease and Tea: A Quantitative Review
Quintana, J. L. B., Allam, M. F., del Castillo, A. S., & Navajas, R. F. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2009.10719754 · Cited by 62
Smokeless tobacco use and the risk of Parkinson's disease mortality
O’Reilly, É. J., McCullough, M. L., Chao, A., Henley, S. J., Calle, E. E., Thun, M. J., & Ascherio, A. (2005) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.20587 · Cited by 61
Family-based case-control study of cigarette smoking and Parkinson disease
Scott, W. K., Zhang, F., Stajich, J. M., Scott, B. L., Stacy, M. A., & Vance, J. M. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000150905.93241.b2 · Cited by 61
Association Between Parkinson’s Disease and Melanoma: Putting the Pieces Together
Ye, Q., Wen, Y., Al-Kuwari, N., & Chen, X. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2020.00060 · Cited by 65
“Coffee consumption is associated with a decreased risk of developing PD, suggested by a large number of studies (Benedetti et al., 2000; Hernán et al., 2002; Hu et al., 2007; Costa et al., 2010).”
BackgroundAlcohol consumption and risk for Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Jiménez‐Jiménez, F. J., Alonso‐Navarro, H., García‐Martín, E., & Agúndez, J. A. G. (2018) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-018-9032-3 · Cited by 60
Siderowf, A. D., Jennings, D. L., Connolly, J., Doty, R. L., MAREK, K. L., & Stern, M. B. (2007) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.21707 · Cited by 62
Predictors of punding in Parkinson's disease: Results from a questionnaire survey
Lawrence, A. J., Blackwell, A. D., Barker, R. A., Spagnolo, F., Clark, L., Aitken, M. R. F., & Sahakian, B. J. (2007) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.21702 · Cited by 59
Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonists for Parkinson???s Disease
Hauser, R. A., & Schwarzschild, M. A. (2005) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/00002512-200522060-00002 · Cited by 58
A prospective study of alcoholism and the risk of Parkinson?s disease
Hernán, M. Á., Logroscino, G., & guez, L. A. G. A. R. (2004) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-004-1705-4 · Cited by 58
Metabolic markers or conditions preceding Parkinson's disease: A case‐control study
Savica, R., Grossardt, B. R., Ahlskog, J. E., & Rocca, W. A. (2012) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.25016 · Cited by 57
Levy, G., Tang, M., COTE, L. J., Louis, E. D., Alfaro, B., Mejia‐Santana, H., Stern, Y., & Marder, K. S. (2002) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.10086 · Cited by 57
Impulse-Control Disorders in Parkinson's Disease
Ferrara, J. M., & Stacy, M. A. (2008) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900013778 · Cited by 57
Behl, T., Madaan, P., Sehgal, A., Singh, S., Sharma, N., Bhatia, S., Al‐Harrasi, A., Chigurupati, S., Alrashdi, I., & BUNGAU, S. G. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms221810161 · Cited by 58
The role of nutrition on Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review
Bianchi, V. E., Rizzi, L., & Somaa, F. A. (2022) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2022.2073107 · Cited by 60
“Preliminary investigations found an inverse association between coffee consumption and PD [195,197], exerting a protective effect against PD and”
BackgroundSmoking and Parkinson's Disease: Using Parental Smoking as a Proxy to Explore Causality
O'Reilly, E. J., Chen, H., Gardener, H. E., Gao, X., Schwarzschild, M. A., & Ascherio, A. (2009) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwn388 · Cited by 55
Caffeine in Parkinson's disease: A pilot open‐label, dose‐escalation study
Altman, R., Lang, A. E., & Postuma, R. B. (2011) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23873 · Cited by 55
Bearn, J., Evans, A. H., Kelleher, M., Turner, K., & Lees, A. J. (2004) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.06.005 · Cited by 52
Parkinson's disease: the first common neurological disease due to auto-intoxication?
Williams, A. C., Cartwright, L. S., & Ramsden, D. B. (2005) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/hci027 · Cited by 53
Palacios, N., Weisskopf, M. G., Simon, K., Gao, X., Schwarzschild, M. A., & Ascherio, A. (2010) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.02.012 · Cited by 51
Therapies for Parkinson’s diseases: alternatives to current pharmacological interventions
Li, S., Dong, J., Cheng, C., & Le, W. (2016) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-016-1603-9 · Cited by 50
Kudlacek, O., Just, H., Korkhov, V. M., Vartian, N., Klinger, M., Pankevych, H., Yang, Q., Nanoff, C., Freissmuth, M., & Boehm, S. (2003) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300181 · Cited by 50
“In line with these experimental data, both retrospective epidemiological evidence (Fredholm et al, 1999; Benedetti et al, 2000 and references therein) as well as prospective cohort studies (Ross et al, 2000; Ascherio et al, 2001) indicate that blockage of A2A receptors by caffeine intake reduces…”
ResultRisk factors of multiple system atrophy: A case‐control study in French patients
Vidal, J., Vidailhet, M., Elbaz, A., Derkinderen, P., Tzourio, C., & Alpérovitch, A. (2008) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.21857 · Cited by 51
Perimenopausal risk factors and future health
The ESHRE Capri Workshop Group (2011) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmr020 · Cited by 47
Galanaud, J. ‐., Elbaz, A., Clavel, J., Vidal, J., Corrèze, J., Alpérovitch, A., & Tzourio, C. (2004) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.20307 · Cited by 47
Metadata
- Authors
- Benedetti, M. D., Bower, J. H., Maraganore, D. M., McDonnell, S. K., Peterson, B. J., Ahlskog, J. E., Schaid, D. J., & Rocca, W. A.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 2000-11-14
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1350-1358
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- OpenAlex
- W2172189733
- Cited by
- 234
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 5.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS033978, NS33978)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR030582, AR30582)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, coffee consumption, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, risk factors, age of onset, tobacco chewing, snuff use, alcoholism, Rochester Epidemiology Project, Rochester, Minnesota
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Coffee, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Minnesota, Parkinson Disease, Smoking, Case-Control Studies
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