Pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids: using principles of developmental biology to grow human tissues in a dish
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Pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived organoids are miniature, three-dimensional human tissues generated by the application of developmental biological principles to PSCs in vitro. The approach to generate organoids uses a combination of directed differentiation, morphogenetic processes, and the intrinsically driven self-assembly of cells that mimics organogenesis in the developing embryo. The resulting organoids have remarkable cell type complexity, architecture and function similar to their in vivo counterparts. In the past five years, human PSC-derived organoids with components of all three germ layers have been generated, resulting in the establishment of a new human model system. Here, and in the accompanying poster, we provide an overview of how principles of developmental biology have been essential for generating human organoids in vitro, and how organoids are now being used as a primary research tool to investigate human developmental biology.
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Cell fate is determined through a combination of cell intrinsic propensities to specific fates and extrinsic cues from the environment.
“Cell fate is determined through a combination of cell intrinsic propensities to specific fates and extrinsic cues (e.g. signaling) from the environment, detailed knowledge of which should yield improved protocols for differentiation into distinct endodermal derivatives49.”
From The emergent landscape of the mouse gut endoderm at single-cell resolution (2019) · cites this paper as [49]
The Introduction explains that external signals, including Wnt and FGF, direct PSC-derived endoderm toward distinct fates, supporting the role of extrinsic cues and their use in differentiation protocols. It does not establish the claimed contribution of cell-intrinsic propensities to fate determination. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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- Authors
- McCauley, H. A., & Wells, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Development
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 2017-03-15
- Volume
- 144
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 958-962
- ISSN
- 0950-1991 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9129
- PMC
- PMC5358106
- OpenAlex
- W2603622659
- Cited by
- 322
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 10
- FWCI
- 2.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Development (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01DK092456, U18EB021780, U01DK103117, U19AI116491)
- American Diabetes Association (1-17-PDF-102)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Keywords
- pluripotent stem cells, organoids, organogenesis, directed differentiation, morphogenesis, self-assembly, 3D cell culture, germ layers, developmental biology
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Disease, Humans, Organoids, Developmental Biology, Body Patterning, Pluripotent Stem Cells, Tissue Culture Techniques
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