Blurred Lines: How the Collectivism Norm Operates Through Perceived Group Diversity to Boost or Harm Group Performance in Himalayan Mountain Climbing

Chatman, Jennifer A.; Greer, Lindred L.; Sherman, Eliot; Doerr, Bernadette

doi:10.1287/orsc.2018.1268

Cited by 32Team Dynamics and PerformanceSocial and Intergroup PsychologyCultural Differences and Values

Blurred Lines: How the Collectivism Norm Operates Through Perceived Group Diversity to Boost or Harm Group Performance in Himalayan Mountain Climbing

Chatman, Jennifer A., Greer, Lindred L., Sherman, Eliot, Doerr, Bernadette·2019·Organization Science

DOI 10.1287/orsc.2018.1268

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Abstract

We develop a theory explaining how collectivism causes people to “blur” demographic differences, that is, to see less diversity than actually exists in a group, and reconciling contradictions in how collectivistic norms influence group performance. We draw on the perceived diversity literature, hypothesizing that collectivistic norms cause group members to blur demographic differences, resulting in perceptions that group members are more similar than they actually are. Whether this benefits or harms group performance depends on the group’s objective diversity and the relevance of the perceived diversity attribute for accomplishing the task. For conjunctive tasks, the group’s performance is determined by its weakest member, demanding high levels of cohesion. Our theory suggests that collectivism benefits group conjunctive performance when objective national diversity is high by blurring divisive relational differences but has no effect in groups with low objective national diversity. In contrast, for disjunctive tasks, the group’s performance is determined by its best member. We predict that collectivism harms group disjunctive performance when objective expertness diversity is high by blurring differences in task-relevant expertness but has no effect in low objective expertness diversity groups. We find support for our theory in two studies, an archival study of 5,214 Himalayan climbing expeditions and a laboratory experiment assessing 366 groups. Our results show that collectivism has benefits and detriments for diverse groups and that these contradictory effects can be understood by identifying how the collectivistic blurring of perceived group diversity helps or hurts groups based on the type of tasks on which they are working.

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Diversity has greater potential to benefit performance on complex and interdependent rather than simple and independent tasks.
“Additionally, as diversity has greater potential to benefit performance on complex and interdependent rather than simple and independent tasks (Bowers et al., 2000;Chatman, Greer, Sherman, & Doerr, 2019;Jehn, Northcraft, & Neale, 1999;Van der Vegt & Janssen, 2003;Wegge, Roth, Neubach, Schmidt, & Kanfer, 2008), our analysis focuses on interdependent teams working on more complex tasks (e.g.,”
From Leading diversity: Towards a theory of functional leadership in diverse teams. (2020) · cites this paper as Chatman, Greer, Sherman, & Doerr, 2019

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Authors: Chatman, J. A., Greer, L. L., Sherman, E., & Doerr, B.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
Stanford University (US)
London Business School (GB)
Belmont, CA
ORCID: Chatman, Jennifer A.
Greer, Lindred L.
Sherman, Eliot
Venue: Organization Science
Publisher: Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS)
Published: 2019-03
Volume: 30
Issue: 2
Pages: 235-259
ISSN: 1047-7039 (ISSN-L)
1526-5455
DOI: 10.1287/orsc.2018.1268
OpenAlex: W2930453529
Cited by: 32
References: 116
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2
FWCI: 5.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Organization Science (publishedVersion)
London Business School Research Online (London Business School) (acceptedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
Keywords: collectivism, group performance, national diversity, group cohesion, cultural values

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Blurred Lines: How the Collectivism Norm Operates Through Perceived Group Diversity to Boost or Harm Group Performance in Himalayan Mountain Climbing

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